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EULAR:2013类风湿关节炎管理指南更新

2014-02-05 杜卉 中国医学论坛报

    2013年10月25日,《风湿病年鉴》(Ann Rheum Dis)杂志在线刊出了2013年欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EULAR)有关使用合成及生物改善病情抗风湿药(DMARD)治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的最新推荐意见。     与2010年EULAR指南及2012年美国风湿病学会(ACR)RA管理指南相比,2013EULAR

    2013年10月25日,《风湿病年鉴》(Ann Rheum Dis)杂志在线刊出了2013年欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EULAR)有关使用合成及生物改善病情抗风湿药(DMARD)治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的最新推荐意见。

    与2010年EULAR指南及2012年美国风湿病学会(ACR)RA管理指南相比,2013EULAR指南既有对上述指南意见的坚持,又有对其意见的颠覆与更新。

传统合成DMARD仍为唯一一线治疗药物

    在2013EULAR指南中,最令人瞩目的一点可能就是仍然坚持将传统合成DMARD作为治疗新诊断RA患者的唯一一线治疗药物。这意味 着,所有的生物DMARD将作为二线治疗药物,用于治疗对甲氨蝶呤(MTX)及其他传统合成DMARD反应不佳或无法耐受者。

    通过将甲氨蝶呤单药或与其他传统合成DMARD(及糖皮质激素) 联用作为治疗RA的唯一一线选择,2013EULAR指南除了坚持2010EULAR指南中将甲氨蝶呤单药作为一线治疗外,还将传统合成DMARD联用也 推到了一线治疗的位置,此外,其还打破了2012ACR的RA管理指南,后者推荐,对于疾病活动度高、预后较差的早期RA患者,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)抑 制剂可单药或与甲氨蝶呤联合作为此类患者的一线治疗选择。

        至于2013EULAR指南不支持将生物DMARD作为RA一线治疗选择的原因,在该指南中阐述道,RA的靶向治疗策略既可保障患者接受 传统合成DMARD单药或者联合治疗后出现治疗反应的时间,又为在治疗6个月内(该时间段对于RA的病程和疗程而言仍算早)添加生物DMARD(若经一线 治疗后未达标)提供了机会。“这可以避免20%~50%的早期RA患者遭受到过度治疗。”奥地利维也纳医科大学的约瑟夫?S?莫伦(Josef S Smolen)教授在2013EULAR年会上介绍该指南草案时着重强调道。

作为生物DMARD,TNF抑制剂不再一枝独秀

    在2013EULAR指南中,另一个重要的改变就是将托珠单抗和阿巴西普提升至与TNF抑制剂相同的地位。

     2012年ACR指南推荐将TNF抑制剂作为疾病活动度高、预后较差,以及疾病活动度低但对传统合成DMARD反应不佳的RA患者的首发 治疗选择。在该指南中,利妥昔单抗与阿巴西普的地位低于TNF抑制剂,而托珠单抗完全没有被提及。与之相比,2013EULAR指南不仅提升了托珠单抗与 阿巴西普的地位,还进一步将托珠单抗推荐作为必须接受生物DMARD单药治疗患者的优先选择药物。但当传统合成DMARD治疗失败后,就与甲氨蝶呤联用生 物DMARD的优先选择而言,Smolen教授说:“TNF抑制剂、阿巴西普及托珠单抗的地位是相同的。”仅利妥昔单抗的地位稍低(指南中指出,在某些情 况下可以选择该药)。

    需要注意的是,尽管现有研究资料已经支持了阿巴西普、托珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的疗效和安全性,但仍有必要进一步收集关于其安全性的更多观察性或注册性数据,毕竟与TNF抑制剂相比,现有这三种药物临床应用情况的资料仍较少。

    尽管负责制定EULAR指南的专家主要来自欧洲,其所做的推荐也主要反映的是欧洲的观念,但由于这些推荐意见产生的基础是大量的循证医学 证据(证据级别较高、推荐力度较大),仅少部分反映的是专家意见,因此,经与我国国情相对照并稍加修订后,EULAR指南仍或可作为我国RA治疗推荐意见 的模板,其所推荐的治疗意见亦或可为我国临床医师所借鉴。

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    2014-02-07 lmm397
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    2014-02-07 muzishouyi
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