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肝转移性恶性黑色素瘤超声表现1例

2019-05-05 陈云 赵静雯 唐缨 中国超声医学杂志

患者女,73岁。主因右侧腹痛1个月余,加重10d入院。既往主因黑色素瘤行右眼眼球摘除术史40余年,高血压病史40余年,腔隙性脑梗死病史20余年,心率过快病史5年余。查体:未见明显异常。血常规:血小板(PLT)395×109/L,淋巴细胞数0.78×109/L,淋巴细胞百分比15.20%,余实验室检查未见明显异常。腹部彩超所见:肝内探及多发低回声病灶,较大位于右叶,大小约10.4 cm×8.3 cm

患者女,73岁。主因右侧腹痛1个月余,加重10d入院。既往主因黑色素瘤行右眼眼球摘除术史40余年,高血压病史40余年,腔隙性脑梗死病史20余年,心率过快病史5年余。查体:未见明显异常。血常规:血小板(PLT)395×109/L,淋巴细胞数0.78×109/L,淋巴细胞百分比15.20%,余实验室检查未见明显异常。腹部彩超所见:肝内探及多发低回声病灶,较大位于右叶,大小约10.4 cm×8.3 cm×10.0 cm,边界欠清,形态尚规则,内回声不均(图1),CDFI:内未见明显血流信号(图2)。
 




东芝超声魔镜成像(SMI):右叶及部分左叶病灶内可见星点血流信号(图3~4)。超声提示:肝内多发实性占位。腹部增强CT检查:肝右叶占位于动脉期轻度强化,门脉期强化渐进,延迟期强化增强,其内可见多发小嚢状无强化区,另于肝右叶及肝左叶见多发小结节影,增强呈轻度强化;腹部增强CT提示:肝多发实性占位(图5)。
 






腹膜后未见明显肿大淋巴结。患者行超声引导下肝内病灶穿刺活检,18G弹射组织活检针穿刺右肝内实性病灶,取出1条1 cm长黑色组织。病理提示:见弥漫分布的癌组织,癌细胞呈圆形、椭圆形或梭形,胞质少,核深染,异型,并见多量散在的黑色素沉着(图6)。病理诊断:肝转移性恶性黑色素瘤。
 


讨论
 
恶性黑色素瘤是来源于黑色素细胞的一类恶性肿瘤,占所有恶性肿瘤的1%~3%[1];常见于皮肤,亦见于黏膜、眼脉络膜等部位。主要通过血液途径转移至肝脏,多以转移器官表现的不适就诊。肝脏是转移性肿瘤的好发部位之一,主要经血行途径转移。需要与转移性恶性黑色素瘤鉴别的肝脏肿瘤包括:(1)原发性肝癌;(2)肝局灶性增生;(3)肝转移性大肠癌。肝是最常见的血行转移器官,尸检发现在各种转移性肿瘤中,转移性肝癌约占40%,其中一半以上来自消化系统的原发肿瘤,如结、直肠癌癌和膜腺癌等。
 
肝转移性恶性黑色素瘤超声上常表现为低回声结节,包膜清晰,中心部分具较多的点状高回声;亦可为较大的实性高回声结节,其中心为小型无回声区,彩色多普勒常能测及病灶内的彩色血流,但其血液供应常较原发性肝癌少,常表现为短线状或点状彩色血流。东芝的Aplio500配置了一种全新的功能,可专用于极低速血流的成像,可扩展超声设备对血流的可视显示范围。
 
该技术称为魔镜成像(SMI),是一种新型超声多普勒技术。其通过分析噪声的运动特性,采用全新的自适应算法识别和消除组织的运动伪像,保留低流速血流信息,呈现真实的血流信息。SMI能够评估肿瘤血管的密度和形态,有助于病变的诊断和鉴别。本病例中该患者SMI成像肝右叶及部分左叶病灶内可见星点血流信号。符合肝转移性恶性黑色素瘤特点。
 
原始出处:

陈云,赵静雯,唐缨.肝转移性恶性黑色素瘤超声表现1例[J].中国超声医学杂志,2018(02):185-186.

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    2020-01-09 sunylz
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