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Cell :新冠病毒变异,疫苗效力明显下降!

2021-03-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着全球新冠大流行,病毒突变频现,包括具有更强的传播能力或逃避免疫系统的变种。到目前为止,英国、南非、巴西、美国等国接连报告发现变异新冠病毒。

随着全球新冠大流行,病毒突变频现,包括具有更强的传播能力或逃避免疫系统的变种。到目前为止,英国、南非、巴西、美国等国接连报告发现变异新冠病毒。近期,多国报告了变异新冠病毒信息,包括菲律宾卫生部报告一种名为P.3的变异新冠病毒;英国卫生部门表示,英格兰东南部近期确诊了两例感染一种变异新冠病毒的病例等等。

为了更好地了解这些SARS-CoV-2变种所带来的危险,科学家们一直在跟踪并监测病毒变异的频率和传播力度,尤其是疫苗对这些变异体的作用。最近,发表在Cell杂志上的一项研究发现,辉瑞和ModernaCOVID-19疫苗诱导的中和抗体对巴西/日本和南非首次描述的新冠变种的效果明显降低。

研究人员评估了99名新冠患病在接受了1剂或2BNT162b2mRNA-1273疫苗对代表10种不同SARS-CoV-2病毒变体的中和效力。在10株病毒中,有5株携带受体结合域突变对中和具有高度抗性,包括K417N/TE484KN501Y等。通过高通量检测方法,比较了抗体对原始菌株与新变种的作用。

当对这些新菌株进行疫苗诱导的中和抗体测试时,研究人员发现,与最初的SARS-CoV-2病毒相比,首次在南非描述的3株新菌株对中和抗体的抵抗力提高了20-40倍,而巴西和日本首次描述的2个菌株的抵抗力提高了5-7倍。

研究人员表示,中和抗体的作用是与病毒紧密结合,阻止病毒进入细胞,从而防止感染。就像锁和钥匙一样,只有当抗体的形状和病毒的形状完全匹配时,这种结合才会发生。如果病毒的形状在抗体附着的地方发生了变化时,那么抗体可能也无法再识别中和病毒。耐药性最强的三株南非变种,都在受体结合域中共享三个突变。这可能是它们对中和抗体的高抗性的原因。

目前,所有获批的COVID-19疫苗都是通过人体产生对SARS-CoV-2蛋白产生免疫应答来发挥作用。虽然这些变异体具有抵抗中和抗体的能力,但这并不意味着疫苗将无效。与所有病毒一样,SARS-CoV-2仍会随着传播而继续变异。了解病毒变异,可以帮助科学家们开发下一代疫苗。同时,对病毒的预防开发出更有效的方法。

原始出处

Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran.et al.Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity.Cell (2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013 ,

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    2021-10-21 维他命
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    2021-03-15 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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