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处方阿片类药物的使用与重度抑郁、焦虑和压力相关障碍的风险

2020-11-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

越来越多的证据表明,处方阿片类药物的使用会影响抑郁症和焦虑症

在过去20年里,美国阿片类药物处方的使用增加了大约5倍,与阿片类药物相关的死亡也正在迅速增加,2013年至2017年,美国702000例药物过量死亡中约68%涉及阿片类药物。也有报道称,处方阿片类药物(与非法阿片类药物相比)是第一个被滥用的阿片类药物,近30%的慢性疼痛患者的处方存在阿片类药物滥用,其中约12%的病例发展为阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)。

开给患者知情的处方需要对治疗的风险和好处有全面的了解,虽然阿片类药物缓解疼痛,但长期使用与许多不良反应相关,包括免疫抑制、自我奖惩机制失调和神经激素缺陷。观察性研究也发现,阿片类药物的使用与重度抑郁症(MDD)和焦虑和压力相关障碍(ASRD)高度共病。据估计,大约780万成年精神障碍患者(主要是重度抑郁症和ASRD)接受了每年近2亿阿片类药物处方的一半以上。与其他患者群体相比,精神障碍患者也更有可能报告长期使用阿片类药物。

针对这些背景,今日一项研究使用基于遗传的方法,研究了处方阿片类药物和其他非阿片类镇痛药物与重度抑郁症(MDD)、焦虑和压力相关障碍(ASRD)之间的潜在双向相关性。该项研究发表在了JAMA Psychiatry杂志上,研究的题目为:Prescription Opioid Use and Risk for Major Depressive Disorder and Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders。

研究者使用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)的汇总统计数据进行了两样本孟德尔随机化(MR),以评估自述处方阿片类和非阿片类镇痛药(包括非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)和类似扑热息痛的衍生物)与MDD和ASRD的潜在关联。GWAS数据来自观察队列中主要为欧洲血统的参与者。数据分析于2020年2月20日至2020年5月4日。

研究概述和孟德尔随机化(MR)模型

在737473名研究参与者的联合样本量中,单变量MR显示,处方阿片类药物使用增加的遗传倾向与MDD和ASRD风险的增加相关。使用多变量MR,在考虑了其他非阿片类镇痛药物后,这些阿片类药物的使用估计值保持不变(MDD OR, 1.14;95%置信区间,1.04 - -1.25;P = .005;ASRD或者,1.30;95%置信区间,1.08 - -1.46;P = .006),并在单独的模型中,考虑了共病疼痛条件。双向分析表明,MDD而非ASRD的遗传倾向与处方阿片类药物使用风险增加相关(OR, 1.18;95%置信区间,1.08 - -1.30;P & lt;措施)。这些估计在单变量和多变量逆方差加权(MV-IVW)和MR-Egger敏感性分析中普遍一致。多效稳健方法在任何MV-IVW估计中均未显示偏倚。

处方阿片类和非阿片类止痛药使用对MDD和ASRD风险的多变量MR结果

单变量MR分析MDD和ASRD对处方阿片类和非阿片类镇痛药物使用风险的影响

这项孟德尔随机分析的结果表明,处方阿片类药物使用增加的遗传倾向与重度抑郁症和ASRD风险之间存在潜在的因果关系。虽然重复研究是必要的,但这些发现可能会指导针对阿片类药物流行和抑郁症的预防和干预策略。研究者还发现了遗传学证据,表明重度抑郁症是处方阿片类药物使用增加的一个潜在的因果风险因素,这可能有助于确定患者群体,以制定预防策略,遏制目前阿片类药物的流行。

参考文献:JAMA Psychiatry. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3554

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    2020-11-16 Jessica

    但长期使用#处方**类药物#与许多不良反应相关,包括免疫抑制、自我奖惩机制失调和神经激素缺陷。是药三分毒。

    0

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    2020-11-16 lhlxtx
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    2020-11-14 明天jing

    焦虑是当年年轻人的共同问题,需要认真对待。

    0

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