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Nutrients:中国人高胆固醇血症十年增3倍,过多吃猪肉、肥胖和不活动等是推手

2017-03-20 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近期中国疾控中心学者通过比较2002年和2010-2012年国人营养与健康相关数据发现,十年来,国人的高胆固醇血症患病率增加了3倍;其中过多食用动物来源蛋白、猪肉以及超重肥胖都不同程度促成了国人胆固醇水平的升高。



近期中国疾控中心学者通过比较2002年和2010-2012年国人营养与健康相关数据发现,十年来,国人的高胆固醇血症患病率增加了3倍;其中过多食用动物来源蛋白、猪肉以及超重肥胖都不同程度促成了国人胆固醇水平的升高。

研究显示,在校正年龄和性别后,中国人的总胆固醇水平从2002年的3.93 mmol/L上升到2012年的4.62 mmol/L,高胆固醇血症的患病率从1.6%上升到6%。其中,女性和55岁以上居民高胆固醇血症更为流行。

研究者发现,十年来,国人生活方式也发生了很多变化,比如:国人变胖了,超重和肥胖的患病率从36.2%上升到45%。饮酒的人变多了,从23.9%上升到33.6%;每周进行150分钟体育锻炼的人有所下降。

餐桌上也悄然变化。研究显示,猪肉、糕点和植物油在十年来摄入显着增加,而蛋、奶、鱼、豆类蔬菜谷物、米面、红肉、块茎类蔬果、盐糖和动物油等显着减少。整体看来,能量摄入十年来虽有所下降,但脂肪来源的能量占比却有所增加。

在校正能量摄入等混淆因素后,研究者发现,多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。

这项研究中,研究者共分析了中国营养与健康调查2002年45701位居民的数据和2010-2012年39870位居民的数据。前者包括15554位城市居民和30147位乡村居民,平均年龄为43岁;后者包括19841位城市居民和20029位乡村居民,平均年龄为51岁。其中饮食种类和数量为受试者连续3日24小时调查结果。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181882, encodeId=a91918188212, content=多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:24:28 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380048, encodeId=b51c1380048e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef6102602a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胆固醇血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102602, encryptionId=bef6102602a9, topicName=高胆固醇血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1d1470, createdName=刘阔, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555246, encodeId=db94155524624, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181580, encodeId=8bc318158038, content=简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/03/19/f1ba8db21fa7798652cea37bcd0310c5.jpg, createdBy=60272038838, createdName=1771e9366cm, createdTime=Tue Mar 21 07:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181433, encodeId=5d0518143339, content=好文章 值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Mar 20 13:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-22 ylzr123

    多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181882, encodeId=a91918188212, content=多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:24:28 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380048, encodeId=b51c1380048e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef6102602a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胆固醇血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102602, encryptionId=bef6102602a9, topicName=高胆固醇血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1d1470, createdName=刘阔, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555246, encodeId=db94155524624, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181580, encodeId=8bc318158038, content=简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/03/19/f1ba8db21fa7798652cea37bcd0310c5.jpg, createdBy=60272038838, createdName=1771e9366cm, createdTime=Tue Mar 21 07:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181433, encodeId=5d0518143339, content=好文章 值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Mar 20 13:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181882, encodeId=a91918188212, content=多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:24:28 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380048, encodeId=b51c1380048e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef6102602a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胆固醇血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102602, encryptionId=bef6102602a9, topicName=高胆固醇血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1d1470, createdName=刘阔, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555246, encodeId=db94155524624, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181580, encodeId=8bc318158038, content=简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/03/19/f1ba8db21fa7798652cea37bcd0310c5.jpg, createdBy=60272038838, createdName=1771e9366cm, createdTime=Tue Mar 21 07:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181433, encodeId=5d0518143339, content=好文章 值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Mar 20 13:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-22 muzishouyi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181882, encodeId=a91918188212, content=多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:24:28 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380048, encodeId=b51c1380048e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef6102602a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胆固醇血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102602, encryptionId=bef6102602a9, topicName=高胆固醇血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1d1470, createdName=刘阔, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555246, encodeId=db94155524624, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181580, encodeId=8bc318158038, content=简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/03/19/f1ba8db21fa7798652cea37bcd0310c5.jpg, createdBy=60272038838, createdName=1771e9366cm, createdTime=Tue Mar 21 07:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181433, encodeId=5d0518143339, content=好文章 值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Mar 20 13:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-21 1771e9366cm

    简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181882, encodeId=a91918188212, content=多吃块茎类蔬菜、鱼类、谷物、豆类有助于降低高胆固醇血症;而多食猪肉、动物内脏、动物来源蛋白则会增加高胆固醇血症风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:24:28 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380048, encodeId=b51c1380048e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef6102602a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胆固醇血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102602, encryptionId=bef6102602a9, topicName=高胆固醇血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1d1470, createdName=刘阔, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555246, encodeId=db94155524624, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f367681e434' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68174, encryptionId=f367681e434, topicName=猪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ec214601917, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181580, encodeId=8bc318158038, content=简直的,就算如此国人那个比谁少吃了吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/03/19/f1ba8db21fa7798652cea37bcd0310c5.jpg, createdBy=60272038838, createdName=1771e9366cm, createdTime=Tue Mar 21 07:45:59 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181433, encodeId=5d0518143339, content=好文章 值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Mar 20 13:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-20 doctorJiangchao

    好文章 值得分享

    0

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2008年英国国家优化卫生与保健研究所发布关于家族性高胆固醇血症FH的治疗和管理指南,在指南中建议10岁前FH患儿应考虑接受他汀类药物治疗。在2012年建立起英国儿童FH登记数据库,从而收集英国FH患儿基线及长期随访资料。研究人员收纳了232名FH患儿(50%为男生,80%为白人),根据患者年龄,以10岁为界分为高龄组与低龄组。基线数据显示,治疗前TC及LDL-C均值分别为7.61±1.48 mm

JAMA: Evolocumab vs Ezetimibe治疗他汀不耐受高胆固醇血症(GAUSS-3)

约5-20%的患者会出现肌肉相关的他汀类药物不耐受。研究者进行了一项试验,再次确定他汀类药物相关的肌肉症状,以及比较2种非他汀类药物的降脂效果(ezetimibe vs evolocumab)。两阶段随机临床试验包括511例低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)未受控制的成年患者,且对至少2种他汀类药物不耐受。A阶段试验为长达24周的阿托伐他汀或安慰剂的交叉试验,以确定患者的症状是否只与阿托伐他汀有关。

2016IAS共识声明——严重家族性高胆固醇血症的定义和临床管理意义发布

2016年5月,国际动脉粥样硬化学会(IAS)严重家族性高胆固醇血症小组发布了关于严重家族性高胆固醇血症的定义和临床管理意义的共识声明,文章评估了分子生物学特征的重要性以及其他心血管危险因素,晚期亚临床冠状动脉粥样硬化的定义,严重家族性高胆固醇血症患者可从早期积极降脂治疗中获益。全文获取:下载地址:指南下载 (需要扣积分2分, 梅斯医学APP免积分下载)

FASEB J:高胆固醇血症与骨关节炎的发生发展相关

高胆固醇不仅会损害机体的心血管系统。近期发表于FASEB的一项新的研究利用动物模型发现,高胆固醇可引发线粒体对软骨细胞的氧化应激,导致细胞死亡,并最终导致骨关节炎的发生发展。本研究测试了线粒体靶向抗氧化剂在高胆固醇诱导的骨关节炎中潜在的治疗作用,并位使用线粒体靶向抗氧化剂治疗骨关节炎提供证据支持。研究人员使用两种不同的动物模型来模拟人类高胆固醇血症。第一种动物模型是携带改变基因的小鼠,这个基因称为

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