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PEDIATRICS:是时候该对可待因说“不”了!

2016-09-21 MedSci MedSci原创

美国小儿科学会强烈要求家长和医疗服务提供者停止给孩子服用可待因,并呼吁人们去认识其风险,限制其在18岁以下患者中使用。一项新的AAP临床报告将在2016年10月份发表在Pediatrics杂志上,题为“可待因:是时候该说‘不’了”。尽管越来越多的证据表明,该药物会危及生命或致命的呼吸反应,但还有许多城市在继续使用该药物治疗儿童疾病。几十年来,一种用于止痛药处方和非处方咳嗽制剂的阿片类药物,可待因可

美国小儿科学会强烈要求家长和医疗服务提供者停止给孩子服用可待因,并呼吁人们去认识其风险,限制其在18岁以下患者中使用。一项新的AAP临床报告将在2016年10月份发表在Pediatrics杂志上,题为“可待因:是时候该说‘不’了”。尽管越来越多的证据表明,该药物会危及生命或致命的呼吸反应,但还有许多城市在继续使用该药物治疗儿童疾病。

几十年来,一种用于止痛药处方和非处方咳嗽制剂的阿片类药物,可待因可由肝脏转化为吗啡。由于个体的体内分解药物的遗传变异性,它为某些病人提供了不充分的缓解,同时也对其他人有太强的影响。某些人,特别是儿童和那些有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的儿童,属于“超快速代谢”群体,服用标准剂量的可待因后可能出现严重呼吸减慢症状,甚至死亡。

尽管这些证据充分表明了可待因的风险,美国FDA和WHO仍然表示很担忧,这种药物仍然在28个州和哥伦比亚特区作为非处方咳嗽制剂被使用。此外,根据本AAP报告,可待因仍然被用于治疗经历外科手术的儿童,例如扁桃体和腺样体切除术。在2007年和2011年之间,超过80万的11岁以下患者服用可待因。耳鼻喉科医生经常开具可待因/对乙酰氨基酚液体制剂(19.6%),其次是牙医(13.3%),儿科医生(12.7%)和普通医生/家庭医生(10.1%)。

新的临床报告描述了其潜在替代品,以缓解孩子的疼痛,但必须承认的是,可用于儿科的相对安全和有效的药物比较少。

“对儿童有效的疼痛管理仍然是具有挑战性的,”该报告的主要作者,医学博士Joseph D. Tobias说。“因为儿童的身体治疗药物与成年人的不同。”

该AAP报告显示,专家于9月19日在线呼吁父母和医疗服务提供者去认识使用可待因的风险,并且在儿童中限制其使用,以及对儿童止痛治疗的安全和效果进行进一步研究。

原始出处:

J. D. Tobias, T. P. Green, C. J. Cote. Codeine: Time To Say "No". PEDIATRICS,2016.9.21

本文系梅斯医学(MedSci)原创编译整理,转载需授权!

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    2016-12-10 docwu2019
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726199, encodeId=647b1e261996d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Dec 10 17:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958498, encodeId=3777195849816, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=766713993a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pediatric#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13993, encryptionId=766713993a1, topicName=Pediatric)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 20:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637482, encodeId=b5c1163e48252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 08:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133980, encodeId=7e8e13398097, content=谢谢分享哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 23:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407208, encodeId=f352140e2082d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bdc3845181' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#可待因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38451, encryptionId=1bdc3845181, topicName=可待因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20462610492, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 04:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-07 hbwxf
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    2016-09-23 187清风

    谢谢分享哦

    0

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