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SPSS进行相关分析(Pearson、Spearman、卡方检验)

2014-05-06 MedSci MedSci原创

一、相关分析方法的选择及指标体系 (一)两个连续变量的相关分析 1、Pearson相关系数 最常用的相关系数,又称积差相关系数,取值-1到1,绝对值越大,说明相关性越强。该系数的计算和检验为参数方法,适用条件如下: (1)两变量呈直线相关关系,如果是曲线相关可能不准确。 (2)极端值会对结果造成较大的影响 (3)两变量符合双变量联合正态分布。 2、Spearman秩相关系数 对原始

一、相关分析方法的选择及指标体系 

(一)两个连续变量的相关分析 

1、Pearson相关系数 

最常用的相关系数,又称积差相关系数,取值-1到1,绝对值越大,说明相关性越强。该系数的计算和检验为参数方法,适用条件如下: 

(1)两变量呈直线相关关系,如果是曲线相关可能不准确。 

(2)极端值会对结果造成较大的影响 

(3)两变量符合双变量联合正态分布。 

2、Spearman秩相关系数 


对原始变量的分布不做要求,适用范围较Pearson相关系数广,即使是等级资料,也可适用。但其属于非参数方法,检验效能较Pearson系数低。
  
(二)有序分类变量的相关分析


有序分类变量的相关性又称为一致性,即行变量等级高的列变量等级也高,如果行变量等级高而列变量等级低,则称为不一致。

常用的统计量有:Gamma、Kendall的tau-b、Kendall的tau-c等。

最常用的为卡方检验,用于评价两个无序分类变量的相关性。根据卡方值衍生出来的指标还有列联系数、Phi、Cramer的V、Lambda系数、不确定系数等。
OR、RR也是衡量两变量之间的相关程度的指标。

二、SPSS相关操作 

SPSS的相关分析散布在交叉表和相关分析两个模块中。 

(1)交叉表过程
如下图:




以上的指标很全面,解释如下: 

(1)“卡方”复选框:为常用的卡方检验,适用于两个无序分类变量的检验。 

(2)“相关性”复选框:适用于两个连续性变量的相关分析,给出两变量的Pearson相关系数和Spearman相关系数。 

(3)“有序”复选框组:包含了一组反映有序分类变量一致性的指标,只能用于两变量均为有序分类变量的情况。 

(4)“名义”复选框组:包含一组分类变量相关性的指标,有序和无序分类时都可使用,但变量为有序时,检验效能没有“有序”复选框组中的统计量高。 

(5)Kappa:为内部一致性系数。 

(6)风险:给出OR或RR值。 

(7)McNemar:为配对卡方检验。
  
(二)“相关”过程

如下图:



以计算Pearson、Kendall的tau-b、Spearman三种相关系数。


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22445, encodeId=fdfd22445ae, content=生手,不太懂,但是多琢磨几遍吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6bc1615337, createdName=hsvs, createdTime=Sat May 02 21:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20010, encodeId=dc4a20010aa, content=受用,非常不错!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49f21621039, createdName=zjh20093489, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794255, encodeId=bb391e942552c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78181659647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SPEAR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16596, encryptionId=78181659647, topicName=SPEAR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jul 31 13:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725602, encodeId=3ccc1e256029a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sat Oct 04 08:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9510, encodeId=fa7c951032, content=hao\非常不错的讲座, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM68e6IGzO8R3Dg3Vq9zJicIDZQxQmORIMf3X5b65ZTKjqag3Jw1xjr7PyOadRb3d3F4Boo2brrF2MA/0, createdBy=967f94952, createdName=ishow, createdTime=Sun May 18 12:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599772, encodeId=63451599e72f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e76365110a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卡方检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36511, encryptionId=3e76365110a, topicName=卡方检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb2618750443, createdName=ycmayy, createdTime=Thu May 08 03:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-02 hsvs

    生手,不太懂,但是多琢磨几遍吧

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22445, encodeId=fdfd22445ae, content=生手,不太懂,但是多琢磨几遍吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6bc1615337, createdName=hsvs, createdTime=Sat May 02 21:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20010, encodeId=dc4a20010aa, content=受用,非常不错!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49f21621039, createdName=zjh20093489, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794255, encodeId=bb391e942552c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78181659647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SPEAR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16596, encryptionId=78181659647, topicName=SPEAR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jul 31 13:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725602, encodeId=3ccc1e256029a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sat Oct 04 08:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9510, encodeId=fa7c951032, content=hao\非常不错的讲座, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM68e6IGzO8R3Dg3Vq9zJicIDZQxQmORIMf3X5b65ZTKjqag3Jw1xjr7PyOadRb3d3F4Boo2brrF2MA/0, createdBy=967f94952, createdName=ishow, createdTime=Sun May 18 12:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599772, encodeId=63451599e72f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e76365110a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卡方检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36511, encryptionId=3e76365110a, topicName=卡方检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb2618750443, createdName=ycmayy, createdTime=Thu May 08 03:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-09 zjh20093489

    受用,非常不错!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22445, encodeId=fdfd22445ae, content=生手,不太懂,但是多琢磨几遍吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6bc1615337, createdName=hsvs, createdTime=Sat May 02 21:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20010, encodeId=dc4a20010aa, content=受用,非常不错!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49f21621039, createdName=zjh20093489, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794255, encodeId=bb391e942552c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78181659647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SPEAR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16596, encryptionId=78181659647, topicName=SPEAR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jul 31 13:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725602, encodeId=3ccc1e256029a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sat Oct 04 08:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9510, encodeId=fa7c951032, content=hao\非常不错的讲座, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM68e6IGzO8R3Dg3Vq9zJicIDZQxQmORIMf3X5b65ZTKjqag3Jw1xjr7PyOadRb3d3F4Boo2brrF2MA/0, createdBy=967f94952, createdName=ishow, createdTime=Sun May 18 12:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599772, encodeId=63451599e72f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e76365110a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卡方检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36511, encryptionId=3e76365110a, topicName=卡方检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb2618750443, createdName=ycmayy, createdTime=Thu May 08 03:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-31 xlysu
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22445, encodeId=fdfd22445ae, content=生手,不太懂,但是多琢磨几遍吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6bc1615337, createdName=hsvs, createdTime=Sat May 02 21:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20010, encodeId=dc4a20010aa, content=受用,非常不错!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49f21621039, createdName=zjh20093489, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794255, encodeId=bb391e942552c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78181659647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SPEAR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16596, encryptionId=78181659647, topicName=SPEAR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f54230, createdName=xlysu, createdTime=Thu Jul 31 13:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725602, encodeId=3ccc1e256029a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sat Oct 04 08:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9510, encodeId=fa7c951032, content=hao\非常不错的讲座, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM68e6IGzO8R3Dg3Vq9zJicIDZQxQmORIMf3X5b65ZTKjqag3Jw1xjr7PyOadRb3d3F4Boo2brrF2MA/0, createdBy=967f94952, createdName=ishow, createdTime=Sun May 18 12:09:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599772, encodeId=63451599e72f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e76365110a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卡方检验#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36511, encryptionId=3e76365110a, topicName=卡方检验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb2618750443, createdName=ycmayy, createdTime=Thu May 08 03:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-10-04 feather89
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    2014-05-18 ishow

    hao\非常不错的讲座

    0

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