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BJD:新生儿Fc受体抑制剂Efgartigimod治疗寻常型天疱疮和叶状天疱疮

2022-02-02 医路坦克 MedSci原创

天疱疮是一组自身免疫性水疱性皮肤病,本文研究证明efgartigimod能够满足PV或PF患者目前的医疗需求,因为它显示出良好的安全性、新诊断和复发患者较早达到DC和CR的作用。

      天疱疮包括一组罕见的自身免疫性水疱性皮肤病,在大多数人群中寻常型天疱疮(PV)的数量超过叶状天疱疮(PF)。PV的特征是针对桥粒蛋白(DSG)-3的IgG自身抗体,它与粘膜损害有关,在50%的病例中还与DSG-1相关,与皮肤损害有关。PF只涉及抗DSG-1IgG,病变仅限于皮肤。

     天疱疮可能危及生命,主要是由于继发性感染。全身性皮质类固醇(CS)可显著改善预后,使病死率降至<10%。CS可迅速改善天疱疮症状,但必须每天大剂量(如口服泼尼松1.0~1.5 mg·kg-1)才能取得疗效。如此大剂量和长时间使用与明显的副作用有关,包括代谢并发症、广泛的免疫抑制和感染风险增加。

      B细胞靶向单克隆抗体利妥昔单抗最近在美国和欧洲被批准为中度至重度PV的一线治疗,糖皮质激素逐渐减少。然而,利妥昔单抗的起效相对较慢,需要同时使用CS,并且通常与泼尼松(或等效物)联合使用。这种方法还与25%至60%的病例相对较高的复发频率以及大约40%的患者的严重不良事件有关。这些限制突出了对快速治疗的需求,这种治疗将允许早期CS逐渐减少。CS治疗极少或无CS治疗的卓越安全性和持续临床缓解是理想治疗天疱疮的最终目标。

      由于致病性IgG在天疱疮病理中起着核心作用,目前已采取了多种降低致病性IgG水平的方法,如血浆置换、免疫吸附和静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIg)。但由于成本和技术要求较高,血浆置换和免疫吸附仅适用于顽固性病例。静脉丙种球蛋白已被证明是一种有益的CS-备用剂,因此可以考虑用于难治性病例。

       Efgartigimod是一种来自人类IgG1的工程Fc片段,它带有ABDEG突变,大大增加了它与新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)的亲和力。FcRn通过在吸收到细胞后再循环这些配体来维持血清中IgG和白蛋白的稳定水平。Efgartigimod与FcRN的IgG结合位点,从而降低循环中的IgG水平,而不影响白蛋白或其他免疫球蛋白的水平。在健康志愿者中,Efgartigimod与FcRN的IgG结合位点结合,从而降低循环中的IgG水平,而不影响白蛋白或其他免疫球蛋白的水平。Efgartigimod可导致类似的IgG水平降低,耐受性良好,临床改善具有统计学意义。鉴于这些发现,我们进行了一项II期适应性研究,以调查Efgartigimod治疗天疱疮的有效性和安全性。

     方法:34例轻、中度寻常型天疱疮或叶疱疮患者参加开放式II期适应性试验。在序贯队列中,Egartigimod按10或25 mg·kg-1静脉注射,不同给药频率,作为小剂量口服泼尼松的单一治疗或附加治疗。

     结果:不良反应多为轻度,不良反应发生率分别为10 mg kg-1组16例(84%)和25 mg kg-1组13例(87%),各剂量组不良事件发生率相似。观察到血清总IgG和抗桥粒芯糖蛋白自身抗体的显著下降,并与天疱疮病区指数评分的改善相关。Efgartigimod作为单一治疗或与泼尼松联合治疗,31名患者中有28名(90%)在中位时间17天后显示出早期疾病控制。2 2例患者中有14例(6 4%)在优化延长治疗的基础上加用泼尼松026 mg kg 1/d(范围0.06~0.48),在2~41周内临床完全缓解14例(64%)。

      总之,这项关于efgartigimod治疗天疱疮的概念验证性研究提供了证据,证明efgartigimod能够满足PV或PF患者目前的医疗需求,因为它显示出良好的安全性、新诊断和复发患者较早达到DC和CR的作用,以及使用较低的CS初始剂量和早期CS逐渐减少的潜力。

文献来源:M. Goebeler. Bata-Cs€org}o,De Simone,Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus with efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor: a phase II multicentre, open-label feasibility trial,British Journal of Dermatology(2021)

 

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    2022-10-11 jklm09
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    2022-02-08 cenghis
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    2022-02-04 ms8000002020716804

    学习学习

    0

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    2022-02-02 zhaojie88

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