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J COLLOID INTERF SCI:科学家尝试“电刺激”治疗恶性脑瘤,体外实验已完成

2019-01-09 符苏 生物探索

胶质母细胞瘤是最致命的癌症之一,患者五年生存率低于百分之五。常用的治疗手段包括手术和放化疗,但是这一恶性肿瘤存在复发的高风险,化疗药物常常无法到达脑补深处的恶变区域,且伴随有耐药性问题。

胶质母细胞瘤是最致命的癌症之一,患者五年生存率低于百分之五。常用的治疗手段包括手术和放化疗,但是这一恶性肿瘤存在复发的高风险,化疗药物常常无法到达脑补深处的恶变区域,且伴随有耐药性问题。

近日,来自意大利都灵理工大学的科学家们想出一招新的抗癌策略:他们采用了“带电”的纳米颗粒,让它们携带特有的标记,直接靶向脑癌细胞。相关研究成果发表在《Journal of Colloid and Interface Science》期刊。

原理:利用低强度的交流电抗癌

Attilio Marino团队研制出一种能够电信号的纳米颗粒——压电式纳米颗粒(piezoelectric nanoparticles)。当给予超声波反复刺激后,这些纳米粒子能够在体内产生低强度的交流电。

这些电流会干扰钙离子、钾离子进出细胞,最终达成消灭癌细胞的目的。

改良:只靶向肿瘤细胞

但是,这个方法存在一个问题:在对付癌细胞的同时,健康细胞也容易受到离子通道破坏的影响,所以存在很大的隐患。

如何将电信号只集中于癌细胞上,从而避免损伤健康细胞呢?

研究团队进行了多次改良:他们在纳米颗粒表面涂上了一层塑料聚合物,并在塑料聚合物表面加上一种抗体(能够识别、结合特定癌细胞)。



“带电”纳米颗粒抗癌的示意图(图片来源:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science)

应用:治疗胶质母细胞瘤

与大多数健康细胞不同,胶质母细胞瘤的表面会表达转铁蛋白受体。

所以,研究团队在纳米颗粒表面添加上转铁蛋白抗体(与转铁蛋白受体结合)。这意味着,这些可以产生交流电的纳米颗粒只靶向癌细胞。

因为是脑瘤,所以纳米颗粒还必须通过血脑屏障。如果纳米颗粒足够小,它们就可以做到这一点。因此,研究小组选择了直径为300纳米的粒子(在可以通过屏障的尺寸范围内)。

研究团队进行了体外试验——他们在实验室培育了一种由内皮屏障(类似于血脑屏障)覆盖的脑瘤组织,在注入纳米粒子之后,用超声波刺激组织样本,同时使用了一种标准的化疗药物替莫唑胺。

结果显示,纳米颗粒能够相对容易地穿透癌细胞。而且,当纳米颗粒进入癌细胞内部并受到超声波的轰击时,它能够显著提高替莫唑胺的疗效。

这意味着,电化学方法能够增加肿瘤对化疗药物的敏感性,从而显著增加抗癌细胞过。

当然,这一抗癌策略还有很多的研究工作需要进行。真实的脑瘤环境远比体外模型要复杂。研究人员认为,未来还需要验证该疗法在体内的疗效,同时需要考虑纳米颗粒的大小和形状,以便更好地控制压电效果。

原始出处:
Attilio Marino, et al. Piezoelectric Barium Titanate Nanostimulators for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. Mar 2019.

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    2019-10-17 waiwai3030
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    2019-01-11 jxrzshh
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    2019-01-09 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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一项研究揭示了神经和免疫系统之间的联系。这会引起医学领域的革命吗?每一天,Katrin每隔一段时间就会从口袋里取出一小块磁铁,然后把它放贴在锁骨的皮肤上。之后,她会受到60秒钟的电刺激,她的喉咙能感受到轻微的震动。如果她这时说话,就会有颤音。过一会儿,这种感觉会消失。Katrin每天要进行六次这样的电刺激。这块小磁体的作用是启动植入她体内的一个设备,使之发射一系列幅度在毫安级别的电脉冲——这和

Nature:让意念化为行动:电刺激技术帮助瘫痪患者重新控制肌肉

三名脊髓损伤患者在电刺激的帮助下恢复了对腿部肌肉的控制,其行走能力也有了提高。

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