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Neuron: 如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示冷觉敏感性的脊髓神经环路

2022-11-10 周科 “神经周K”公众号

雪卡毒素中毒最具特征性以温度感觉颠倒的冷异常疼痛,具体表现为在接触冷物体时引起灼热感的痛觉障碍,这种障碍也存在神经性疼痛中。

体温稳态的维持对于恒温动物的生存至关重要。脊髓神经环路编码寒冷信息,并通过投射神经元传递给大脑。单细胞测序技术发现脊髓中存在21种兴奋性神经元和43种抑制性神经元亚型。

Kcnip2编码一种电压门控钾通道相互作用蛋白,其在心脏生理学中的作用已被广泛研究。Kcnip2是位于脊髓背角一类抑制性中间能神经元的分子标记物。视网膜神经节中的Kcnip2阳性神经元用于检测隐现的物体并参与随后的逃逸和冻结行为。

雪卡毒素中毒最具特征性以温度感觉颠倒的冷异常疼痛,具体表现为在接触冷物体时引起灼热感的痛觉障碍,这种障碍也存在神经性疼痛中。

2022年11月瑞士苏黎世大学Hendrik Wildne研究团队发表文章揭示了Kcnip2阳性神经元在调控感知寒冷环境过程中发挥重要作用。

1

脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元参与冷觉敏感性

研究人员构建了Kcnip2-cre工具小鼠,发现Kcnip2阳性神经元主要表达在脊髓背角II 和III层,绝大多数为抑制性神经元(92.6%),少量表达在大脑躯体感觉和听觉系统中。通过病毒特异性诱导脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元凋亡后小鼠对冷觉的敏感性增加,伤害性刺激并不出现这种增强。

在温度偏好行为学实验中,正常小鼠在寒冷区域(13摄氏度-22摄氏度之间)停留时间为521秒左右,而脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元失活的小鼠该区域停留时间227秒,表现出寒冷环境反应的降低。化学遗传学慢性激活脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元小鼠对冷觉的反应时间延长,进一步表明对冷觉的敏感性降低。

图1、Kcnip2阳性神经元在脊髓中的分布

2

脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元输出、输入神经元

机械性刺激、热水(52度)、冰水(-20度)下均能激活脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元,其中冰水激活的Kcnip2阳性神经元数量最多。瞬时受体电位通道家族成员TRPM8是一种冷觉受体,实验表明TRPM8激动剂能够促进冷觉敏感的脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元兴奋性突触后电流增加。表明Kcnip2阳性神经元可接收TRPM8阳性纤维的输入。

进一步利用病毒示踪实验发现脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元大部分输出的神经元(80%左右)位于脊髓浅表层I 和 II层,该区域存在伤害性输出神经元。光激活脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元后能引起浅表层I层抑制性突触后电流,可被荷包牡丹碱所阻断。

啮齿类动物实验表明低温可发挥部分镇痛作用。研究人员发现慢性激活脊髓Kcnip2阳性神经元可降低小鼠对伤害性刺激的反应,发挥镇痛效应。也能够减少坐骨神经的慢性缩窄性损伤引起的冷异常疼痛,但对机械性刺激几乎无影响。

总结

本文发现了脊髓存在一类抑制性神经元Kcnip2阳性神经元可调节机体对外界寒冷环境的敏感性,该类型神经元功能正常时参与冷觉镇痛的作用,异常时引起冷异常疼痛。

原始出处:

Albisetti et al., Inhibitory Kcnip2 neurons of the spinal dorsal horn control behavioral sensitivity to environmental cold. Neuron (2022).

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    2022-11-15 124cf157m07(暂无昵称)

    学习了

    0

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    2022-11-10 delianjihui

    研究无止境

    0

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    2022-11-10 delianjihui

    转发学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2100605, encodeId=f80a210060516, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0acd2516837, createdName=124cf157m07(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:14:33 CST 2022, time=2022-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099642, encodeId=9f722099642a1, content=研究无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:58:06 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099641, encodeId=8f562099641b0, content=转发学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:52 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099640, encodeId=1e93209964098, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:47 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099639, encodeId=d5a32099639e1, content=学习受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:42 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099607, encodeId=3e02209960eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=044510501e1b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#温度觉#</a>以前记得好象它与<a href='/topic/show?id=bd6ce115427' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痛觉#</a>是同一个通路,现在不是了?<a href='/topic/show?id=01501050187f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苦味觉#</a>被发现,将来还可能会有更多的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105017, encryptionId=044510501e1b, topicName=温度觉), TopicDto(id=71154, encryptionId=bd6ce115427, topicName=痛觉), TopicDto(id=105018, encryptionId=01501050187f, topicName=苦味觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:15:09 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099606, encodeId=65d420996063f, content=如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示<a href='/topic/show?id=d4e910501566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冷觉#</a>敏感性的<a href='/topic/show?id=033e8463912' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊髓神经环路#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=ba6a1050163d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Kcnip2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105015, encryptionId=d4e910501566, topicName=冷觉), TopicDto(id=84639, encryptionId=033e8463912, topicName=脊髓神经环路), TopicDto(id=105016, encryptionId=ba6a1050163d, topicName=Kcnip2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:14:28 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-10 delianjihui

    感谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2100605, encodeId=f80a210060516, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0acd2516837, createdName=124cf157m07(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:14:33 CST 2022, time=2022-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099642, encodeId=9f722099642a1, content=研究无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:58:06 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099641, encodeId=8f562099641b0, content=转发学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:52 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099640, encodeId=1e93209964098, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:47 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099639, encodeId=d5a32099639e1, content=学习受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:42 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099607, encodeId=3e02209960eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=044510501e1b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#温度觉#</a>以前记得好象它与<a href='/topic/show?id=bd6ce115427' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痛觉#</a>是同一个通路,现在不是了?<a href='/topic/show?id=01501050187f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苦味觉#</a>被发现,将来还可能会有更多的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105017, encryptionId=044510501e1b, topicName=温度觉), TopicDto(id=71154, encryptionId=bd6ce115427, topicName=痛觉), TopicDto(id=105018, encryptionId=01501050187f, topicName=苦味觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:15:09 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099606, encodeId=65d420996063f, content=如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示<a href='/topic/show?id=d4e910501566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冷觉#</a>敏感性的<a href='/topic/show?id=033e8463912' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊髓神经环路#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=ba6a1050163d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Kcnip2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105015, encryptionId=d4e910501566, topicName=冷觉), TopicDto(id=84639, encryptionId=033e8463912, topicName=脊髓神经环路), TopicDto(id=105016, encryptionId=ba6a1050163d, topicName=Kcnip2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:14:28 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-10 delianjihui

    学习受益

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2100605, encodeId=f80a210060516, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0acd2516837, createdName=124cf157m07(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:14:33 CST 2022, time=2022-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099642, encodeId=9f722099642a1, content=研究无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:58:06 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099641, encodeId=8f562099641b0, content=转发学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:52 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099640, encodeId=1e93209964098, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:47 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099639, encodeId=d5a32099639e1, content=学习受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:42 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099607, encodeId=3e02209960eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=044510501e1b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#温度觉#</a>以前记得好象它与<a href='/topic/show?id=bd6ce115427' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痛觉#</a>是同一个通路,现在不是了?<a href='/topic/show?id=01501050187f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苦味觉#</a>被发现,将来还可能会有更多的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105017, encryptionId=044510501e1b, topicName=温度觉), TopicDto(id=71154, encryptionId=bd6ce115427, topicName=痛觉), TopicDto(id=105018, encryptionId=01501050187f, topicName=苦味觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:15:09 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099606, encodeId=65d420996063f, content=如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示<a href='/topic/show?id=d4e910501566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冷觉#</a>敏感性的<a href='/topic/show?id=033e8463912' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊髓神经环路#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=ba6a1050163d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Kcnip2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105015, encryptionId=d4e910501566, topicName=冷觉), TopicDto(id=84639, encryptionId=033e8463912, topicName=脊髓神经环路), TopicDto(id=105016, encryptionId=ba6a1050163d, topicName=Kcnip2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:14:28 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-10 lifestar

    #温度觉#以前记得好象它与#痛觉#是同一个通路,现在不是了?#苦味觉#被发现,将来还可能会有更多的发现

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2100605, encodeId=f80a210060516, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0acd2516837, createdName=124cf157m07(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:14:33 CST 2022, time=2022-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099642, encodeId=9f722099642a1, content=研究无止境, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:58:06 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099641, encodeId=8f562099641b0, content=转发学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:52 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099640, encodeId=1e93209964098, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:47 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099639, encodeId=d5a32099639e1, content=学习受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5281475204, createdName=delianjihui, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 13:57:42 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099607, encodeId=3e02209960eda, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=044510501e1b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#温度觉#</a>以前记得好象它与<a href='/topic/show?id=bd6ce115427' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痛觉#</a>是同一个通路,现在不是了?<a href='/topic/show?id=01501050187f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苦味觉#</a>被发现,将来还可能会有更多的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105017, encryptionId=044510501e1b, topicName=温度觉), TopicDto(id=71154, encryptionId=bd6ce115427, topicName=痛觉), TopicDto(id=105018, encryptionId=01501050187f, topicName=苦味觉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:15:09 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2099606, encodeId=65d420996063f, content=如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示<a href='/topic/show?id=d4e910501566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冷觉#</a>敏感性的<a href='/topic/show?id=033e8463912' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊髓神经环路#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=ba6a1050163d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Kcnip2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105015, encryptionId=d4e910501566, topicName=冷觉), TopicDto(id=84639, encryptionId=033e8463912, topicName=脊髓神经环路), TopicDto(id=105016, encryptionId=ba6a1050163d, topicName=Kcnip2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 12:14:28 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-10 lifestar

    如何感知寒冷环境?科学家揭示#冷觉#敏感性的#脊髓神经环路##Kcnip2#

    0

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