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Ann Intern Med:FDA批准的口服DAA药物有很高的HCV治愈率

2017-03-21 生物谷 生物谷

2017年3月21日/生物谷BIOON/---丙型肝炎由丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染所致,主要由血液/体液传播。据世界卫生组织估计,全球有1.7亿人感染HCV。在我国健康人群抗HCV阳性率为0.7%~3.1%,约3800万人。由于病毒生物学特点和宿主免疫功能等多方面因素,机体免疫往往难以有效清除病毒,致使约50%~80%HCV感染者发展为慢性肝炎,其中20%~30%将发展成肝硬化。肝

丙型肝炎由丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染所致,主要由血液/体液传播。据世界卫生组织估计,全球有1.7亿人感染HCV。在我国健康人群抗HCV阳性率为0.7%~3.1%,约3800万人。由于病毒生物学特点和宿主免疫功能等多方面因素,机体免疫往往难以有效清除病毒,致使约50%~80%HCV感染者发展为慢性肝炎,其中20%~30%将发展成肝硬化。肝硬化患者中每年有1%~4%发展成为肝细胞癌症。

HCV是一种RNA病毒。HCV RNA大约有9500~10000bp组成。在它的5'非编码区下游紧接一开放的阅读框(ORF),其中基因组排列顺序为5'-C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4-NS5-3',能编码一长3014个氨基酸的多聚蛋白前体,可经宿主细胞和病毒自身蛋白酶作用后,裂解成各自独立病毒蛋白,即三种结构蛋白,为核衣壳蛋白(C)和E1、E2/NS1糖蛋白;四种非结构蛋白NS2、NS3、NS4、NS5。E1和E2/NS1糖蛋白能产生抗HCV的中和作用。NS2和NS4的功能还不清楚,发现与细胞膜紧密结合在一起。NS3蛋白具有螺旋酶活性,参与解旋HCV-RNA分子,以协助RNA复制,NS5有依赖于RNA的聚合酶活性,参与HCV基因组复制。

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)可缓慢发展多年,通常无症状,但可引起严重的肝损伤和肝癌。

对所有6种丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因型和历史上被认为很难治疗的丙肝病人群体而言,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准的口服直接作用抗病毒药物(direct-acting antiviral, DAA)疗法产生较高的持续性病毒学应答率(virologic response rate, SVR)。只要治疗障碍得到解决,DAA的给药便利性、安全记录和有效性为降低美国的丙肝负担提供机会。

如今,在一篇综述性文章中,来自美国约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员回顾了来自42项发布的慢性HCV感染成年人的临床试验的数据,这些临床试验评估了持续至少8周的不含干扰素的HCV疗法(含有至少2种得到FDA批准的DAA药物)。这些DAA药物包括HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂(grazoprevir、paritaprevir和simeprevir);NS5A抑制剂(daclatasvir、elbasvir、ledipasvir、ombitasvir和velpatasvir);NS5B聚合酶抑制剂(sofosbuvir和dasabuvir),以及口服抗病毒药物利巴韦林(ribavirin)。就未发生肝硬化的HCV基因型1感染病人(包括那些HIV/HCV共感染病人)而言,6种DAA药物疗法表现出95%以上的病毒学应答率。对剩下的HCV基因型而言,治愈率也是类似的,不过仅有更少的DAA药物有效地治疗HCV基因型2感染病人。相关文章于2017年3月21日在线发表在Annals of Internal Medicine期刊上,论文标题为“Oral Direct-Acting Agent Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review”。

在一篇跟贴评论文章中,来自美国国家糖尿病、消化系统疾病与肾脏疾病研究所的Jay H. Hoofnagle博士和Averell H. Sherker博士指出这些发现有望表明HCV感染如今是完全可治疗的,而且作为美国的一种重要的医学问题,它是能够潜在地可清除的。尽管HCV感染如今是容易治疗的,但是它仍然存在一些问题,如成本和治疗获得性。这些问题仍然需要加以解决。相关文章于2017年3月21日在线发表在Annals of Internal Medicine期刊上,论文标题为“Hepatitis C: Down but Not Out”。

原始出处:

Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia, Catalina Suarez-Cuervo, David R. Nelson et al. Oral Direct-Acting Agent Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, Published online: 21 March 2017, doi:10.7326/M16-2575

Jay H. Hoofnagle, Averell H. Sherker.Hepatitis C: Down but Not Out, Annals of Internal Medicine, Published online: 21 March 2017, doi:10.7326/M17-0567

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    2017-11-07 bugit
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    2017-06-05 cenghis
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    2017-03-23 柳叶一刀
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1839497, encodeId=605f183949e7c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=341ae311ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#FDA批准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7311, encryptionId=341ae311ea, topicName=FDA批准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=bugit, createdTime=Tue Nov 07 03:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952106, encodeId=1876195210616, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=50705650a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DAA药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5650, encryptionId=50705650a2, topicName=DAA药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 12:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988743, encodeId=89a61988e4380, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fada6455e8c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治愈率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64557, encryptionId=fada6455e8c, topicName=治愈率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=afa4194, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Mon Jun 05 11:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1257659, encodeId=224f125e65956, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=774e856e22' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HCV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8567, encryptionId=774e856e22, topicName=HCV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Mar 23 13:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361815, encodeId=f0b71361815f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a88b564ea6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DAA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5647, encryptionId=a88b564ea6, topicName=DAA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e457184, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Thu Mar 23 13:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607320, encodeId=5c99160e32062, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Mar 23 13:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-23 qingting
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