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Nature:重大突破!胞外基质蛋白Agrin促进心脏再生,有助开发新的心脏病疗法

2017-06-07 生物谷 生物谷

心脏病仍然是全世界的一个主要的死亡原因,但是一旦心脏组织遭受损伤,迄今为止为数不多的可用的治疗方法在大多数时候仍然不能够取得成功。哺乳动物心脏实际上能够再生和修复损伤,但是这种能力只能持续到出生的时候。在此之后,这种能力似乎永久地消失了。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所等研究机构的研究人员发现新生心脏中的一种蛋白分子似



心脏病仍然是全世界的一个主要的死亡原因,但是一旦心脏组织遭受损伤,迄今为止为数不多的可用的治疗方法在大多数时候仍然不能够取得成功。哺乳动物心脏实际上能够再生和修复损伤,但是这种能力只能持续到出生的时候。在此之后,这种能力似乎永久地消失了。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所等研究机构的研究人员发现新生心脏中的一种蛋白分子似乎控制这种再生过程。当被注射到遭受心脏病发作的成年小鼠心脏中时,这种被称作聚集蛋白(Agrin)的分子似乎“开启”这种再生过程,能够修复受损的心肌。这些发现为恢复受损的心脏功能指明一种新的研究方向。相关研究结果于2017年6月5日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“The extracellular matrix protein Agrin promotes heart regeneration in mice”。论文通信作者为魏茨曼科学研究所分子细胞生物学系的Eldad Tzahor教授。论文第一作者为Tzahor实验室博士生Elad Bassat。

Tzahor解释道,在人遭受心脏病发作后,这种心脏愈合过程是漫长的和效率低下的。一旦遭受损伤,心肌细胞就被瘢痕组织替换掉,然而瘢痕组织不能够收缩,因而不能够参与泵血。这接着对剩余的心肌组织产生进一步的压力,最终导致心力衰竭。

成年时的心脏再生仅存在于其他的一些脊椎动物中。比如,鱼能够高效地再生受损的心脏。在进化树上与人亲缘关系更近的小鼠在出生时也具有这种能力,但是在出生1周后就丧失了。这一周的时间给Tzahor和他的团队提供一个时间窗口来探究促进心脏再生的线索。

外部环境

Tzahor和Bassat认为这个秘密的一部分可能存在于心肌细胞的外部环境,即被称作胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)的周围支持性组织。很多细胞间信息是通过ECM进行传递的,不过其他的信息储存在它的纤维结构内。因此,Tzahor团队开始利用来自新生小鼠和一周大的小鼠的ECM开展实验:清除掉ECM中的细胞,仅留下周围的基质材料,然后观察当加入少量ECM到体外培养的心肌细胞中时,会发生什么。他们发现更年轻的ECM而不是较老的ECM触发心肌细胞增殖。

在对ECM中的蛋白进行一番筛选后,Tzahor团队鉴定出几种调节这种反应的候选分子,其中之一就是Agrin。已知Agrin在其他组织(特别是神经肌肉接头)中发挥着作用。在神经肌肉接头中,它协助调节信号由神经组织传递到肌肉中。在小鼠心脏中,Agrin水平会在出生后头七天内下降,这提示着它可能也在心脏再生中发挥着作用。他们随后将Agrin加入到体外培养的心肌细胞中,注意到它导致这些细胞发生分裂。

接着,Tzahor团队在心脏损伤模式小鼠体内测试了Agrin,以便验证它是否能够逆转这种损伤。确实,他们发现在注射一次Agrin后,小鼠受损的心脏几乎完全愈合和完全恢复功能,不过令他们吃惊的是,这种治疗花费了一月多的时间才在心脏功能和再生上发挥它的全部效果。不过,在这种恢复期结束时,小鼠心脏中的瘢痕组织显著下降,被活的心肌组织替代,从而恢复心脏的泵血功能。

连锁反应

Tzahor猜测除了导致一定程度的心肌细胞直接再生之外,Agrin在某种程度上影响身体对心脏病发作作出的炎性反应和免疫反应,而且还影响参与抑制心脏纤维化或者说瘢痕组织形成的分子通路。这种瘢痕组织形成会导致心力衰竭。然而,这种恢复过程的持续时间仍然是个秘密,这是因为在注射后的几天内,Agrin本身就会在体内消失。他说,“明显地,这种分子引发一连串事件发生。我们发现它附着到心肌细胞表面上的一种之前未被研究的受体上,而且这种结合让这些细胞返回到一种略微不那么成熟的状态(更接近于胚胎时的状态),释放可能启动细胞分裂的信号。”利用经过基因改造在心脏中缺乏Agrin的小鼠开展的实验进一步支持这种观点:在Agrin缺乏时,新生小鼠在遭受损伤后不能够恰当地再生心脏组织。Tzahor补充道,鉴于这些小鼠在缺乏Agrin的其他功能下不能够存活,这是一项充满技术挑战的实验。

Tzahor团队随后证实Agrin在体外培养的人心肌细胞中发挥着类似的影响。如今,他们正在努力精确地理解从注射Agrin到心脏全部功能恢复这段时间发生了什么。此外,Tzahor团队的成员与慕尼黑工业大学的Kupatt教授合作在德国以较大的动物为研究对象开展临床前研究以便确定Agrin对心脏修复的影响。

除此之前,这些研究发现突出表明ECM在指导心脏生长和促进心脏再生中发挥作用,而且这一认识可能有助设计进一步的生物医学研究。

原始出处:

Elad Bassat, Yara Eid Mutlak, Alex Genzelinakh et al. The extracellular matrix protein Agrin promotes heart regeneration in mice. Nature, Published online 05 June 2017, doi:10.1038/nature22978

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    2018-05-21 liye789132251
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    2018-05-20 psybestwish
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    2017-06-08 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882146, encodeId=a10e18821464a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon May 21 06:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1779602, encodeId=bc8a1e79602c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7f9f211095' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Agrin#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2110, encryptionId=7f9f211095, topicName=Agrin)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f98e185, createdName=psybestwish, createdTime=Sun May 20 11:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757048, encodeId=61a51e570486c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=103b421e0e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42170, encryptionId=103b421e0e8, topicName=基质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=281337296540, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 23:02:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207949, encodeId=919820e949e6, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Jun 08 00:20:22 CST 2017, time=2017-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207809, encodeId=f0e020e80960, content=不错的信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzTzDGzBuYicm03JQNHuHm939kv1lTiaHDsydfbv74j6OtCChr7y7gzTPUoDpdkB4rZfeAXVSiad2OfOJOsHEjoGkwq/0, createdBy=df702021431, createdName=ami, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 20:23:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-07 ami

    不错的信息。

    0

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