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Nature:科学家们开发出新型吗啡替代物

2016-08-25 佚名 生物谷

(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)最近,科学家们开发出一类新型的阿片受体药物,该类药物能够有效缓解头痛,同时不会引发其它止痛剂具有的副作用。 该类药物叫做PZM21,是合成的能够与大脑吗啡受体结合并抑制疼痛感觉的化合物。不过与吗啡不同,PZM21不具有严重的副作用,例如呼吸不畅等。 "吗啡曾一度改变了现代医学。如今我们能够进行很多医学操作,都是基于吗啡的发现"。来


(图片摘自www.sciencealert.com)

最近,科学家们开发出一类新型的阿片受体药物,该类药物能够有效缓解头痛,同时不会引发其它止痛剂具有的副作用。

该类药物叫做PZM21,是合成的能够与大脑吗啡受体结合并抑制疼痛感觉的化合物。不过与吗啡不同,PZM21不具有严重的副作用,例如呼吸不畅等。

"吗啡曾一度改变了现代医学。如今我们能够进行很多医学操作,都是基于吗啡的发现"。来自家中旧金山分校的药理学家Brian Shoichet说道。"但吗啡的副作用也是显而易见的。因此,科学家们曾不遗余力地寻找能够代替吗啡的新型药物"。

尽管PZM21只在小鼠水平得到了验证,但它已经是如今最有希望代替吗啡的新型药物。

Shoichet等人通过严格的计算机模拟过程筛选能够与大脑mu阿片受体结合的最佳化合物,并最终得到了PZM21。这一筛选方式也提供了新型的药物开发思路,即从零基础的角度进行开发,而非基于已有的化合物进行修饰。

经过计算机模拟,研究者们找到了23种最有可能与受体结合,同时副作用较低的化合物分子结构。之后,他们通过逐一测试找到了其中最佳的化合物:PZM21。

通过小鼠水平的检测,作者发现PZM21与吗啡具有相当水平的药物活性,但其对大脑造成的损伤相比吗啡则减低不少。另外,科学家们还认为该药物不存在上瘾的可能,因其不会激活大脑的多巴胺信号通路。

除此之外,接受试验的小鼠也不会出现注射吗啡后曾产生的行为错乱的现象,这一试验结果还需要得到进一步的验证。 "我们还没有充足的证据证明PZM21完全不具有上瘾的可能,目前我们只是没有发现其具有上瘾的痕迹"。

不过,关于PZM21能否最终成为代替吗啡的药物,一个最关键的问题是其能否对人体具有相似的效果。毕竟很多动物实验的结果难以在临床试验得到重复。

相关结果发表在《nature》杂志上。

原始出处

Aashish Manglik, Henry Lin ,Dipendra K. Aryal, John D. McCorvy, Daniela Dengler, Gregory Corder, Anat Levit, Ralf C. Kling.et.al.Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects.Nature.2016

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    2017-02-19 仁心济世
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    2016-08-27 showtest
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    2016-08-26 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

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    2016-08-26 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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    2016-08-26 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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杜兰大学和路易斯安那东南部的退伍军人医疗系统的研究员发现了一种新的止痛药,具有吗啡相似的止痛效果,但不会上瘾,副作用更少!该基于内啡肽的药物与吗啡有相同的镇痛受体。以鸦片为基础的药物是治疗严重和慢性疼痛的主要方法,但它们可以很容易上瘾。在美国药物滥用导致每年数***死亡。此外药物滥用会导致运动障碍和潜在致命的呼吸抑制。随着时间的推移耐受性的增加,滥用和过量使用药物的风险也在增加。该项研究中,新的内吗

Ann Fam Med:长期使用阿片类药物会增加抑郁风险

圣路易斯大学的研究显示,阿片类药物可以改善短期情绪,但长期使用将会带来新发抑郁的风险。研究者认为长期使用(超过30天)阿片类药物可能会改变神经系统解剖结构,导致低睾酮状态等已知的由疼痛到抑郁的独立因素,研究者呼吁临床医生应该对长期使用阿片类药物的患者足够重视,尤其是抑郁情绪的发生发展。此外研究者还呼吁在未来进行更多的相关研究,以确定哪些患者最容易受到阿片类药物影响,导致抑郁风险的增高。该研究共纳入

Science争议性研究:制造吗啡的关键工具

发表在最新一期《科学》(Science)杂志上的一项研究揭示出了人们长期探索的一个基因,它似乎是合成吗啡类生物碱,包括止痛药吗啡和可待因的一个关键的关卡步骤。这一重要的研究发现可以让药物化学家们更容易地调整基因来生成副作用及成瘾性较小的新药物。但同时人们也担心这项研究工作将使得毒贩子像酿酒师酿造自己的啤酒一样,很快就能够轻易地制造出海洛因。这一称作为STORR的基因只存在于产生吗啡喃类的罂粟物种中

Sci Rep:外泌体作为载体将siRNA运输至中枢,可能治疗吗啡成瘾

南京大学的张辰宇(Chen-Yu Zhang)主要从事microRNA、线粒体功能和人体及细胞能量代谢研究。近年来因发布了多项有关miRNA的惊人研究成果而广受关注。迄今已在包括Cell, Nature, Science及其子刊(~22篇)在内的国际学术期刊上发表论文约150余篇。

在这篇文章中,研究人员称他们利用定向外泌体(exosome)介导传递阿片受体Mu siRNA治疗了吗啡复吸。

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指通过降解靶RNA或是阻止其翻译来介导引导序列依赖性基因沉默的一种现象。发现在哺乳动物细胞中由小干扰RNA(siRNA)介导了RNAi,将RNAi快速推向了大众使之成为了实现癌症和其他疾病临床应用一个有前景的工具。然而直到现在传递siRNA仍然是一个具有挑战性的任务。当前有三种传送载体被用来传递siRNA,包括病毒、基于聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的纳米粒子和脂质体,但每种方法都具有各自的一些缺点,包括免疫激活、毒性问题和非特异性靶向等。因此,需要开发出一种有效的、组织特异性和低免疫

CMAJ:布洛芬与吗啡对儿童骨折的镇痛作用相当

2014年10月27日,一篇发表于《加拿大医学协会杂志》(CMAJ)的研究表明布洛芬应该用于儿童的简单的四肢骨折的镇痛治疗。布洛芬与吗啡的疗效相当而且副作用更少。随机、盲法试验结果显示口服布洛芬和口服吗啡使儿童的疼痛评分发生相同程度的降低。儿童对于布洛芬的耐受性好,与吗啡相比72小时内的不良反应数更少[1]。研究对象为2012年9月到2014年2月安大略省伦敦市的一个急症科中出现的骨折儿童(5-1

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