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Cell Stem Cell:揭示紫外线诱发皮肤癌的分子机制

2017-10-23 Hyeongsun Moon “细胞”微信号

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell Stem Cell上的研究报告中,来自康奈尔大学兽医学院的研究人员通过研究发现,当黑色素干细胞积累足够数量的基因突变时,其就会转变成癌症起源的细胞;在正常情况下,来自太阳光的紫外线照射(UV)会激活黑色素细胞释放黑素,黑素是一种能够保护皮肤免于太阳光晒伤的色素;但如果黑色素干细胞中积累的基因突变超过一定阈值时,当被日照所激活时就会引发肿瘤产生并生长。

黑色素瘤是一种皮肤色素细胞—黑色素细胞引发的癌症,据美国CDC数据显示,2017年在美国大约有87110人被诊断为黑色素瘤,这些黑色素瘤的一部分来自于机体中预先存在的痣,目前研究人员并不清楚黑色素瘤的发病机制。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell Stem Cell上的研究报告中,来自康奈尔大学兽医学院的研究人员通过研究发现,当黑色素干细胞积累足够数量的基因突变时,其就会转变成癌症起源的细胞;在正常情况下,来自太阳光的紫外线照射(UV)会激活黑色素细胞释放黑素,黑素是一种能够保护皮肤免于太阳光晒伤的色素;但如果黑色素干细胞中积累的基因突变超过一定阈值时,当被日照所激活时就会引发肿瘤产生并生长。

研究者Andrew White教授表示,如果机体中没有足够引发黑色素瘤的突变,除非被太阳光晒伤否则并不会产生任何影响,正常情况下如果仅仅给予机体一种晒黑反应刺激或许就会引发黑色素瘤。此外,研究人员还发现了一种新方法能够抑制干细胞突变引发的黑色素瘤,当皮肤处于UV辐射下,这种名为Hgma2的基因就会开启表达,当其开始表达时,就会促进黑色素干细胞从皮肤毛囊底部移动到皮肤表面,随后在皮肤表面释放黑素。

研究者White及同事利用工程化改造携带突变黑色素干细胞的小鼠进行研究,其中一组小鼠携带相关突变,另外一组小鼠则含有Hgma2基因被剔除的突变,随后研究给予小鼠低剂量的UV辐射(足以诱发晒黑反应);携带促肿瘤突变和完整Hgma2基因的小鼠就会患上黑色素瘤,但携带基因突变和剔除Hgma2基因的小鼠则会一直保持健康。

最后研究者表示,后期他们还需要进行更为深入的研究来理解Hgma2基因的功能以及其在黑色素瘤中发病中的关键角色,相关研究结果或为研究人员后期开发新型疗法来治疗黑色素瘤提供新的思路和希望。

原始出处:

Moon H,et al.,Melanocyte Stem Cell Activation and Translocation Initiate Cutaneous Melanoma in Response to UV Exposure.Cell Stem Cell. 2017 Oct 4. pii: S1934-5909(17)30368-5.

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