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脑微出血抗栓治疗的五个问题

2015-08-28 杨中华 叩诊锤论坛

1.脑微出血(CMB)的病理生理机制是什么?脑淀粉样血管和高血压微血管病,二者皆可以损害血脑屏障和神经血管单元,血液漏出和含铁血黄素沉积,导致CMB。2.在需要抗栓治疗的患者中CMB常见吗?在需要抗栓治疗的缺血性卒中/TIA患者中,CMB并不罕见,至少占四分之一。3.抗栓治疗会增加CMB的数量吗?抗栓药物包括阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、华法林是否能够增加CMB的数量一直存在争论。一些大型研究发现抗栓治疗会

1.脑微出血(CMB)的病理生理机制是什么?

脑淀粉样血管和高血压微血管病,二者皆可以损害血脑屏障和神经血管单元,血液漏出和含铁血黄素沉积,导致CMB。

2.在需要抗栓治疗的患者中CMB常见吗?

在需要抗栓治疗的缺血性卒中/TIA患者中,CMB并不罕见,至少占四分之一。

3.抗栓治疗会增加CMB的数量吗?

抗栓药物包括阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、华法林是否能够增加CMB的数量一直存在争论。一些大型研究发现抗栓治疗会增加CMB数量,而一些小型研究得出相反的结论。一项包含1460例ICH和3817例缺血性卒中/TIA的pooled系统性综述发现,在ICH患者CMB的数量多与缺血性卒中/TIA患者;其OR值随抗栓药物的不同也有差异,比如未抗栓治疗者为2.8(CI,2.3-3.5),抗血小板治疗者为5.7(CI,3.4-9.7),服用华法林者为8.0(3.5-17.8)。

4.CMB者抗栓治疗会不会增加ICH的风险?

分析了10个前瞻性队列研究共3067例缺血性卒中/TIA的meta分析发现,CMB增加了ICH的风险,同时也会增加缺血性卒中和所有卒中的风险,不过ICH复发的风险高于缺血性卒中复发的风险。如果按照种族(亚洲和西方人种)分析,发现在亚洲人种中CMB和ICH关系更密切,西方人种种CMB和复发性缺血性卒中关系更密切。

对于溶栓的患者来讲,CMB增加溶栓后症状性ICH的风险;特别是CMB的数量,存在这种风险的患者主要是CMB数量大于10个者。

5.在CMB的患者中,抗栓治疗的获益是否大于ICH的风险?

Soo等研究发现,当CMB数量>=5个时出血的风险大于抗栓治疗的获益。在一项有关非瓣膜性房颤华法林抗凝的决策性分析中,如果按照CMB使ICH的风险增加2倍(保守估计)、栓塞性卒中中等风险(4.5%/y)进行计算,抗凝治疗优于阿司匹林。然而,如果ICH的风险>16倍、栓塞性卒中中等风险,或ICH风险增加3.2倍、栓塞性卒中低风险(1.5%/y)进行计算,应该禁用抗凝治疗。


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    2016-02-05 小猫cathy

    临床常见

    0

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    2015-08-30 快乐晴天

    不错不错

    0

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