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Neurology:渐冻症,眼动异常或可预测认知变化

2021-09-19 Freeman MedSci原创

ALS患者表现出一系列临床上明显的OMAs,这些改变与认知(而非行为)的改变有明显的相关性

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种致命的神经退行性疾病,影响上运动神经元(UMN)和下运动神经元(LMN)。尽管ALS长期以来被认为是一种纯粹的运动系统疾病,但现在人们接受的是,提示额叶功能障碍的认知和行为变化往往是临床综合征的一部分。

一些研究也表明,不同类型的眼球运动异常(OMAs)也可能发生在ALS。然而,在ALS患者中,通过标准的神经学检查而不是通过定量的视频oculographic测量发现的临床上明显的OMAs的频率,以及它们与潜在的运动和认知表型的关系仍然是未知的。

ALS的OMAs通常与额叶和前额叶皮层的改变有关,特别是背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)。在这一框架下,它们可以代表传统的UMN和LMN病理之外的神经变性的潜在临床标志物,为深入了解该疾病的模式和发病机制提供线索。

最近,人们研究了通过video-oculographic登记评估的OMAs与临床和神经心理学表现之间的关系。有趣的是,通过修订的ALS功能评定量表(ALSFRS-R)评分,发现与功能障碍有明显的相关性,同时也与爱丁堡认知和行为ALS筛查(ECAS)的认知评分有明显的相关性。

藉此,意大利Istituto Auxologico Italiano等人,探究了临床上明显的OMAs在一大批ALS患者中的频率,确定其模式,并将这些发现与运动和认知行为特征相关联。

他们对三个连续的意大利ALS患者和对照组的住院队列进行了回顾性评估,以评估OMA的频率和认知行为的改变。ALS人群被分为一个发现队列(discovery)和一个复制队列(replication)。对照组包括一个认知障碍者和阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的队列。受试者接受了床边眼动评估,以确定OMAs的存在和模式。认知评估使用标准的神经心理学量表(发现ALS队列和AD队列),以及意大利爱丁堡认知和行为ALS筛查-ECAS(复制ALS队列)进行。

他们纳入了864名ALS(635名发现者,229名复制者)、798名认知无障碍者和171名AD受试者。

在ALS队列中,有10.5%的人检测到了OMAs,而认知无障碍的对照组只有1.6%(p=1.2x10-14),AD患者有11.4%(p=ns)。

最常见的缺陷是平滑肌和囊性肌的异常。OMAs的频率在bulbar 起病、上运动神经元体征突出和疾病晚期的患者中较高。

在两个ALS队列中,认知功能障碍在有OMAs的患者中明显更频繁(p=1.1x10-25)。

此外,OMAs与认知障碍的严重程度和ECAS ALS特定领域的病理分数明显相关。

最后,在35.0%的认知障碍的ALS与11.4%的AD患者中可以观察到OMAs(p=6.4x10-7),这表明ALS中可能存在额叶眼动区的参与。

ALS患者表现出一系列临床上明显的OMAs,这些改变与认知(而非行为)的改变有明显的相关性。OMAs可能是神经变性的一个标志,床边评估是检测ALS认知障碍的一个快速、高度特异的工具。

 

原文出处:
Poletti B, Solca F, Carelli L, et al. Association of Clinically Evident Eye Movement Abnormalities With Motor and Cognitive Features in Patients With Motor Neuron Disorders. Neurology. Published online September 9, 2021:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012774. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012774

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    2021-11-26 yinhl1978
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    2021-09-21 xjy02
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    2021-09-20 ms2000001764390960

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肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)是使受害者迅速瘫痪的致命性神经退行性疾病,影响运动神经元的疾病,运动神经元是专门控制肌肉运动的神经细胞,这些神经细胞存在于脊髓和脑中。根据《人体基因序列变化与人体疾病表征数据

Cell:治疗神经退行性疾病有戏!核输入受体可逆转异常聚集的RNA结合蛋白

许多被称作核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)的特殊分子,当错误地被放置在细胞核外面时,会形成包括额颞叶痴呆症(FTD)和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)在内的几种脑部疾病中观察到的有害蛋白团块。由这些致病性蛋白形成的团块含有导致神经细胞损伤的粘性原纤维。为此,人们想要逆转这些团块的形成,并将RBP蛋白重新放回细胞核内的适当位置上。

Neuropore宣布其NPT520-34治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症,喜获FDA的孤儿药物指定

Neuropore Therapies宣布其NPT520-34治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),获得FDA的孤儿药物指定。

Neurology: 渐冻人:皮层功能逐渐退化,和病情恶化息息相关

渐冻人:皮层功能逐渐退化,和病情恶化息息相关

SCI TRANSL MED:Src/c-Abl通路有望成为肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症治疗药物新靶点

采用取自ALS病人的运动神经元所产生的诱导性多功能干细胞(iPSCs)为实验材料,进行药物筛选。研究人员筛选了现有的药物,Src/c-Abl激酶抑制剂可以促进自噬作用,防止ALS运动神经元退行性病变

Radiology:肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者上运动神经元密度的基于MR评价

本研究旨在验证是否磁共振(MR)成像能够评价肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者原始运动皮层(PMC)运动神经元(MN)的密度,并将结果发表在Radiology上。

拓展阅读

BMJ子刊:“渐冻症”肌萎缩侧索硬化症中社会认知、执行功能和行为改变之间的关系

在 ALS 中,SC 总体上独立于 EF,ToM 仅部分与特定的 EF 测量相关,而行为改变与情绪障碍相关。

Neurology:多不饱和脂肪酸与肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者临床进展的相关性:EMPOWER试验的后随机分析 

多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)具有神经保护和抗炎作用,ALS患者血清ALA水平越高,生存期越长,功能衰退越慢。这些结果提示ALA可能对ALS患者的疾病进展有有利的影响。

Neurology:Rasch构建的肌萎缩侧索硬化症损害多域量表的研制 

AIMS子量表可以很好地表征疾病的严重程度,具有很高的重测信度,可用于测量疾病进展,并与生存时间密切相关。这些AIMS易于管理,并可能增加在ALS临床试验中确定有效治疗方法的可能性。

JNNP:渐冻症症患者血浆p-tau181水平升高与阿尔茨海默病病理无关

ALS患者的血浆p-tau181升高,与CSF水平无关,并与LMN功能障碍密切相关。

European Radiology:MR铁定量评估在ALS诊断方面的价值

铁是大脑代谢过程中保持正常功能的一个重要元素。在ALS中,铁的平衡受损会促进病理氧化应激,导致运动神经元变性和铁沉积。

BMC MED:颠覆——渐冻症与自身免疫性疾病的因果关系调查究竟如何?!

MR研究并不支持欧洲人口中对自身免疫性疾病的责任与ALS风险之间的关系。

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