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Lancet: 住院率增加,病死率下降!中国慢病前瞻性研究:我国医改成效有喜有忧

2020-04-07 朱朱 中国循环杂志

为了达到2020年实现全面医疗的目的,2009年我国开始进行了重大医疗改革。

为了达到2020年实现全面医疗的目的,2009年我国开始进行了重大医疗改革。

近日,中国慢病前瞻性研究最新结果提示,自2009年医疗改革以来,我国心血管病患者住院率明显提高,病死率明显下降,中风和冠心病平均住院时间明显缩短。

2009年至2016年期间,校正多个潜在混淆因素后,我国心血管病患者住院年增长率为4.2%,其中中风和冠心病住院年增长率分别为3.6%和5.4%。

作者表示,中国心血管疾病负担增加可能反映出对已确定的心血管疾病危险因素(如吸烟、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、体重指数和体力活动)控制不力。

另外,医保覆盖也是住院率增加的原因之一。

此外,住院率增加可能反映了医保鼓励住院治疗,基层医疗卫生不发达,未充分利用及患者对基层医疗的不信任等情况。与住院相比,门诊治疗的覆盖率仍然较低。

从2009年到2016年,中国医院数量增长了44%,医院床位数在城市地区和农村地区分别增长了42%和50%。

总体上,社会经济地位较高的患者中住院率较高,但是受教育程度或收入水平较低、从城镇或农村居民医疗保险计划中纳入的患者、农村地区患者中,年住院率增长幅度更大。

从未接受正规教育的患者中中风和冠心病住院年增长率最高,分别为7.1%和8.2%。家庭收入最低的患者中相应的住院年增长率分别为7.0%和9.8%。

2009年至2016年期间,我国冠心病患者28天病死率年降低14.5%,中风患者降低了12%。

作者表示,本研究与西方国家报道的中风和冠心病病死率的大幅下降相一致。

总体上,在社会经济地位较低的患者中,中风和冠心病的死亡率高于社会经济地位较高的患者,但病死率降低幅度明显大于后者。

2009年至2016年期间,我国心血管病住院患者的平均住院时间缩短,每年大约缩短2%。心血管病、中风、冠心病患者的平均住院时间分别缩短了2.2天、1.8天、1.1天。

与社会经济地位较低的患者相比,社会经济地位较高的中风和缺血性心脏病患者平均住院时间缩短得更明显。

住院时间逐年减少,可能反映了医院引入平均住院时间作为降低医疗支出的绩效指标,以及医疗保险机构为降低成本,但仍高于经济合作与发展组织成员国的平均住院时间。

中国的医生的行为相对保守,以满足患者的意愿,也可能存在按数量收费以及急性期的康复服务缺乏的情况。

研究者指出,再医疗资源使用方面,尽管我国仍存在社会经济不平衡的现象,但农村地区和社会经济地位较低的患者在医疗资源的使用以及预后方面均有了明显的改善。该研究结果为医疗促进和医疗资源平衡配置政策的制定,提供了参考信息。

中国慢病前瞻性研究为一项全国性前瞻性队列研究,于2004~2008年在中国十个地区(城市和农村地区各5个)纳入51 万30~79岁的成年人,至2009年505 995人存活。

2009年至2016年,这些存活的人中,共记录到794 824次住院,其中中风和缺血性心脏病住院次数分别为74 313次和69 446次。

原始出处:
Muriel Levy, et al. Socioeconomic differences in health-care use and outcomes for stroke and ischaemic heart disease in China during 2009–16: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults. The Lancet Global Health, 2020, 8(40): PE591-E602.

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    2020-12-11 howi
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    2020-04-09 tidiq

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