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Cell:新发现的原生生物让宿主免受肠道细菌感染

2016-10-11 佚名 生物谷

尽管细菌经常是肠道微生物组的明星,但是不断涌现的研究描画出一种更加复杂的情形:来自不同生物界的微生物积极地相互合作或者彼此相互抵抗。在一项新的研究中,来自美国西奈山伊坎医学院的研究人员发现一个例子:一种新发现的原生生物阻止它的宿主小鼠遭受肠道细菌感染。相关研究结果发表在2016年10月6日那期Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Host-Protozoan Interactions Protect fro


尽管细菌经常是肠道微生物组的明星,但是不断涌现的研究描画出一种更加复杂的情形:来自不同生物界的微生物积极地相互合作或者彼此相互抵抗。在一项新的研究中,来自美国西奈山伊坎医学院的研究人员发现一个例子:一种新发现的原生生物阻止它的宿主小鼠遭受肠道细菌感染。相关研究结果发表在2016年10月6日那期Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Host-Protozoan Interactions Protect from Mucosal Infections through Activation of the Inflammasome”。

论文通信作者、西奈山伊坎医学院肿瘤学教授、医学教授Miriam Merad说,“这是一项意外获得的发现,但是也一项重要的发现。这项研究表明当研究肠道微生物组时,超越细菌是多么重要。”

研究人员是在意识到在他们自己的实验设施中培养的小鼠要比从外面的商贩购买的小鼠在肠道中拥有更多数量的免疫细胞。论文第一作者、西奈山伊坎医学院研究生Aleksey Chudnovskiy与博士后研究员Arthur Mortha决定找出为何是这样。当他们对这两组小鼠开展肠道清洗时,他们吃惊地发现来自西奈山伊坎医学院实验设施的那组小鼠含有生活在它们肠道中的有鞭毛的原生动物。DNA测序结果揭示出这种微生物是一种新的原生动物寄生虫,他们将之命名为小鼠三毛滴虫(Tritrichomonas musculis)。

进一步的研究表明当这种原生生物被给予到不含有它的小鼠体内时,这些小鼠在它们的肠道中有数量增加的免疫细胞和水平增加的炎性细胞因子。研究人员着手发现其背后的工作机制。他们发现小鼠三毛滴虫激活小鼠肠道上皮细胞中的炎性体(inflammasome),接着导致细胞因子激活。他们也发现树突细胞是诱导炎症所必需的。为了确定小鼠三毛滴虫的定植是否影响小鼠抵抗感染的能力,他们让小鼠感染上沙门氏菌,发现肠道微生物组含有小鼠三毛滴虫的那些小鼠非常有效地抵抗沙门氏菌感染。Chudnovskiy说,“这种物种的保护效应是非常令人关注的。”

经发现,小鼠三毛滴虫是脆双核阿米巴(Dientamoeba fragilis)---一种在很多人的肠道中发现的寄生虫---的直系同源物名,但是研究人员并不知道脆双核阿米巴是否也有一种保护效应。这就是他们计划要研究的东西。Merad解释道,“来工业化国家的人们到新兴国家旅游时要比本地的人群更容易遭受肠道感染。已知在新兴国家比较常见的原生生物产生抵抗肠道病原体感染的保护效应。”

她补充道,“抵抗病原体的战斗决定了人类的存活,而且具有更强免疫系统的那些人是在感染中存活下来的人。很可能的情形是肠道微生物组是进化过程的一个重要的部分。因此,鉴定出在暴露的环境中赋予肠道微生物组免疫优势的那些共生生物应当有助鉴定出新的治疗药物。”

原始出处

Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Arthur Mortha9,10, Veronika Kana, Andrea Kennard, Juan David Ramirez, Adeeb Rahman, Romain Remark, Ilaria Mogno, Ruby Ng, Sasha Gnjatic, El-ad David Amir, Alexander Solovyov, Benjamin Greenbaum, Jose Clemente, Jeremiah Faith, Yasmine Belkaid, Michael E. Grigg, Miriam Merad.Host-Protozoan Interactions Protect from Mucosal Infections through Activation of the Inflammasome.Cell.2016


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    2017-01-30 维他命
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    2016-10-13 wincls

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