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脑瘤首次超过白血病,成为新的“儿童肿瘤之王”

2016-09-25 佚名 生物探索

脑肿瘤不是成年人的专利,儿童与青少年患脑瘤的几率也非常高。我国每年至少有7000~8000名儿童被查出患脑肿瘤,被认为是仅次于白血病的儿童癌症杀手。不过,美国CDC发布了最新数据显示:近年来由于白血病治疗的改善,脑瘤自2014年开始,已经超过白血病,成为新的“儿童肿瘤之王”。CDC公布:儿童死亡诱因排行榜在过去的数十年里,统计数据显示:“血癌”——白血病是儿童癌症的主要类型。然近年来,随着化疗、放

脑肿瘤不是成年人的专利,儿童与青少年患脑瘤的几率也非常高。我国每年至少有7000~8000名儿童被查出患脑肿瘤,被认为是仅次于白血病的儿童癌症杀手。不过,美国CDC发布了最新数据显示:近年来由于白血病治疗的改善,脑瘤自2014年开始,已经超过白血病,成为新的“儿童肿瘤之王”。


CDC公布:儿童死亡诱因排行榜


在过去的数十年里,统计数据显示:“血癌”——白血病是儿童癌症的主要类型。然近年来,随着化疗、放疗、骨髓移植的进步,多数白血病可以治愈。白血病也不再是儿童癌症的“江湖霸主”,脑瘤是第一多发儿童实体瘤,现在成为儿童第一杀手。



这一数据由美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)公布,数据揭示:癌症是全球儿童第四大死亡原因,2014年每10个死亡儿童约有一人是死于癌症,在美国其中的四分之一为脑癌,大约为534;排在第二的是白血病,约为445例。


报告还指出,在19岁以下的儿童及青少年中,意外伤害是最主要的死亡,其次是自杀和谋杀。


脑瘤首次超过白血病,成为新的儿童肿瘤之王


白血病曾经是青少年发病率最高的肿瘤,占1/3。报告指出:自2014年开始白血病已经不再是儿童的头号杀手,之所以死亡率低于脑瘤并不是因为后者发病率增加,而主要是因为白血病治疗的改善。事实上,2011年白血病就开始退居二线,但到2014年差距才足够明显。据估计从1999年到2014年,儿童白血病死亡率下降20%。


由于白血病是非实体肿瘤(血液病),其治疗手段在近些年来取得了诸多重大突破,诸如针对复发/难治性白血病,CAR-T、双特异抗体、表观遗传药物(MLL、DOT1L抑制剂)等新型疗法和技术对进一步降低儿童白血病死亡率具有广阔的前景。


一方面,脑瘤是一种实体瘤,且发病部位受到血脑屏障保护、异质性更高所以治疗更加困难,现在的标准疗法效果一般。


另一方面,由于科学家近年来才认识到儿童脑瘤与成人脑瘤在生物学上的不同,且需要不同的手段进行治疗。


对于一般脑瘤,免疫疗法是目前主要的研究方向(参考阅读:【两大突破进展】免疫疗法为治愈脑瘤带来新希望!);此外基因疗法也取得了一定成果(参考阅读:STM:“以毒攻瘤”!首个“基因改造病毒”对抗脑瘤效果显著)。


诱发儿童脑肿瘤的四大因素


儿童脑瘤可发生在任何年龄,一般的发病高峰为5到8岁,即在学龄前后发病较多。男孩患儿童颅内肿瘤要稍微多于女孩,比例约为1.3∶1。美国副总统、“美国肿瘤登月计划”倡导者之一拜登的儿子也是脑瘤英年早逝。


关于诱发儿童脑肿瘤的原因,主要包括以下几点。


1、遗传因素


人体基因缺陷或者是突变可形成脑肿瘤。多发性神经纤维瘤属神经系统肿瘤遗传是最具典型的代表,为常染色体显性遗传性肿瘤,约半数病人有家族病史。以及胚胎发育过程中,原始细胞或者是组织异位残留于颅腔内,在一定条件下,又具备分化与增殖功能,可发展成为先天脑肿瘤的一种发病因素。


2、化学因素


化学因素包括环境污染和滥用药物。


动物实验证实:多种化学物是脑肿瘤的主要发病因素(各种胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、肉瘤、上皮癌、垂体腺瘤等),常见的有蒽类化合物,如甲基胆蒽、二苯蒽、苯并比等等。


日常生活接触的毒素很多,饮食、快餐中的添加剂,装潢材料中的恢复性毒素都是会造成儿童脑肿瘤发生的可怕影响因素。此外如果新生儿过多的使用抗菌素或者是吃药或母亲在怀孕的时候乱吃药都会是会对婴儿造成伤害。


3、微生物因素


微生物因素主要是病毒感染,一般母亲在怀孕期间或者是婴儿刚出生的时候,如果被EB病毒或者是乳头状病毒感染的话,就有可能引起体病毒感染并引发颅内组织病变(癌变)。


4、物理因素


脑瘤放射治疗数年后,在照射区发生其他性质的肿瘤是脑肿瘤的主要发病因素之一。动物试验发现,放射线使颅内纤维母细胞或者是脑膜内皮细胞的癌基因突变,而引起细胞的组织间变(癌变)。


当今社会家家都是家电齐全,不少女性在怀孕期间长时间使用电脑、看电视等,对胎儿的影响非常大。而且许多孩子小小年纪就开始长时间使用手机,电磁辐射对人体的影响也是不可估量的。

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    2016-09-28 正准备

    孕期提醒,关注自己,远离他人

    0

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    2016-09-27 jxrzshh
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    2016-09-26 童小孩

    脑瘤成为儿童肿瘤之王!!!!!!

    0

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    2016-09-26 一米洋光

    遗传很重要啊

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137023, encodeId=4d1613e0230d, content=孕期提醒,关注自己,远离他人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/373C274CBC6CDF6BC9056B319924AB54/100, createdBy=97a01924365, createdName=正准备, createdTime=Wed Sep 28 15:38:52 CST 2016, time=2016-09-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275675, encodeId=484d12e5675b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aad38494640' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84946, encryptionId=aad38494640, topicName=脑瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1345151, encodeId=d5371345151ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1e0284214e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28421, encryptionId=f1e0284214e, topicName=儿童肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135486, encodeId=11b6135486d4, content=脑瘤成为儿童肿瘤之王!!!!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 18:40:46 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135445, encodeId=70c5135445fe, content=遗传很重要啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM4oDTXOJqfmAl39dCqN1gFXgg4bqSHde6L8YpHb6yicUaw/0, createdBy=72661730540, createdName=一米洋光, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 14:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135272, encodeId=9abd1352e23d, content=妈妈的饮食很重要啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzSEB4Gw5zzMTFicSXpRPB29ZqXZWCwpKGlNQClGxQkM0V13y0nwwfOibuwhkgK3VibicMKbKcMSUzTzp/0, createdBy=e5131935950, createdName=1e0dde21m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 07:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 1e0dde21m68(暂无匿称)

    妈妈的饮食很重要啊!

    0

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