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CSCO 2016:晚期乳腺癌专家诊疗更新与解读(上篇)

2016-09-26 MedSci MedSci原创

 徐兵河 国家癌症中心 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 晚期乳腺癌(ABC)是乳腺癌的特殊阶段,在治疗选择及疗效方面均不同于乳腺癌的其他阶段。另外,ABC患者面临着来自疾病自身、心理和经济等多方面的压力,患者经常会感到绝望、无所适从,并因无法判断治疗是否带来益处和是否进行治疗而纠结。也会因为与亲属、医护人员、病友、社会工作者之间的沟通不畅而影响情绪。因此,如何帮助患者进行正确的治疗


2016年9月22日-24日,第19届全国临床肿瘤学大会暨2016年CSCO学术年会在福建厦门国际会议中心举行。国家癌症中心、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院徐兵河教授作了题为“晚期乳腺癌专家诊疗更新与解读”的精彩报告,阐述不同类型的晚期乳腺癌的治疗措施和专家意见。梅斯医学小编对其内容进行了整理与大家分享。
  
徐兵河教授介绍说,晚期乳腺癌(ABC)是乳腺癌的特殊阶段,在治疗选择及疗效方面均不同于乳腺癌的其他阶段。另外,ABC患者面临着来自疾病自身、心理和经济等多方面的压力,患者经常会感到绝望、无所适从,并因无法判断治疗是否带来益处和是否进行治疗而纠结。也会因为与亲属、医护人员、病友、社会工作者之间的沟通不畅而影响情绪。因此,如何帮助患者进行正确的治疗选择,是每一位肿瘤科医生所面临的挑战。

ABC治疗目标是:

Cure :not a realistic goal
  Few patients have complete responses, and disease free intervals are short.

Prolongation of survival:
5-10%  of patients will survive 5 years or more.  2-5% patients are long-term survivors(>10 years).

Improvement of Quality of Life:
Most patients experience fewer disease symptoms, with managable treatment side effects.
 
更新的指南有以下特点:

一、更加强调人性化:人性化处理包括以下五点

1、选择治疗决定是,应平衡生存期和生活质量,考虑患者意愿,积极鼓励患者参与;

2、通过远程治疗,是边远地区的贫困患者得到帮助和治疗;

3、患者参与记录症状。以往患者感受常与医生记录不一致,有可能医生未能完全描述患者的疾病体验,如仅简单记录精神恐惧、失落、厌食、恶心、呕吐等症状,因此,患者参与显得更为重要;

4、关注长期生存者的生活质量,如担心长期治疗的副反应、恐惧肿瘤复发,化疗导致记忆力下降、睡眠不足,在家庭护理、基础治疗措施、工作需求、社会融入等方面的需求;

5、关注整形:随着生存期延长,早期、晚期肿瘤爱患者都有整形需求,怎样在不影响治疗情况下满足整形需求也很重要。

总则:(专家建议投票)

1、患者一旦被诊断为复发转移性乳腺癌,个性化的提供适当的心理关怀,支持治疗和症状相关的干预应作为常规。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

2、全面的评估并确诊为晚期乳腺癌后,应与患者沟通MBC虽难以治愈,但通过有效的治疗,部分患者可长期带瘤生存。
A.是(91.6%) B.否(8.3%) C.弃权(0)
专家建议:“不能被治愈”更改为“很难治愈”。

3、选择治疗决定时,应平衡生存期和生活质量,考虑患者意愿,积极鼓励患者参与。
A.是(92.3%) B.否(7.6%) C.弃权(0)

4、患者参与记录症状,以往患者感受常与医生记录不一致,有可能医生未能完全描述患者的疾病体验,如仅简单记录精神恐惧、失落、厌食、恶心、呕吐等症状,因此,患者参与更为重要。A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

5、关注整形:随着生存期延长,早期、晚期乳腺癌患者都有整形需求,怎样在不影响治疗情况下满足整形需求也很重要。
A.是(78.5%) B.否(21.4%) C.弃权(0)

二、化疗和生物治疗

1、联合化疗和单药化疗都是合理的选择。对于晚期乳腺癌患者,治愈已不是治疗目的,应尽量保证患者生存质量,适合的患者尽可能考虑单药化疗作为首选方案。
A.是(73.3%) B.否(20%) C.弃权(6.6%)

2、未使用过蒽环、紫杉类药物的患者,优先考虑蒽环或紫衫类单药方案,其他有效的方案包括卡培他滨、长春瑞滨,特别是有避免脱发意愿的患者。
A.是(80%) B.否(20%) C.弃权(0)

3、既往使用过蒽环及紫衫类,不需要联合化疗的患者,可优先考虑口服卡培他滨单药等方案。A.是(69.2%) B.否(30.7%) C.弃权(0)

4、HER-2阴性转移性乳腺癌患者,既往用过但未达到累积剂量并且没有发生心脏毒性时是否可以再次使用蒽环类药物?特别是对于无病生存期超过1年的患者能否重新使用?93.1%专家赞成可再次使用。蒽环类药物便宜且有效,对很多未达到累计剂量的晚期患者不失为一种好的选择。

5、对于在辅助治疗中已经用过紫杉类药物,如果在紫杉类辅助化疗结束后1年以上出现的肿瘤进展患者,复发转移后可考虑再次使用,但建议优先考虑之前未使用的药物。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

6、化疗持续时间和能否接受多线化疗,可根据患者的具体情况进行个体化选择,Meta分析表明一线化疗持续时间长能够延长疾病控制时间,并可能延长总生存。因此一线联合治疗可持续应用直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受的毒性,可考虑单药维持治疗。
A.是(78.5%) B.否(21.4%) C.弃权(0)

7、联合化疗有效之后的单药维持治疗,根据患者的毒性反应及耐受情况,选用原联合方中的一个药物进行维持,优先考虑选择使用方便、耐受性好的药物,如口服卡培他滨。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

8、HR阳性乳腺癌化疗有效之后,采用单药化疗或内分泌维持都是合理的选择。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

9、在晚期乳腺癌中应用贝伐珠单抗,在PFS方面得到有限的获益,但对OS没有延长,临床实践中,应慎重选择患者。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

三、节拍化疗

节拍化疗是否适合晚期乳腺癌?肿瘤负荷达到患者需要马上见刘,而负荷小的肿瘤可以使用节拍化疗。节拍化疗药主要有两个:口服环磷酰胺和甲氨蝶呤,其他药物如卡培他滨正在研究中。88.3%的专家支持节拍化疗是一种合理的选择,但认为需要与标准化疗做对比研究。这种化疗方案更注重患者生活质量,口服耐受性好。

节拍化疗方案更注重患者生活质量,口服耐受性好,用于晚期乳腺癌也是一种合理的选择,可选方案包括口服的卡培他滨、、环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、VP16胶囊等。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

四、HER-2阳性乳腺癌

1、HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者首选曲妥珠单抗联合帕妥珠单抗双靶向治疗,除了联合紫杉醇、多西他赛以外,也可联合长春瑞滨治疗。
A.是(55.5%) B.否(33.3%) C.弃权(11.1%)

2、在不能获取帕妥珠单抗时,曲妥珠单抗可以与紫杉类、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨、脂质体蔥环、表阿霉素、吉西他滨等药联合用药,或联合节拍化疗。联合用药时应考虑联合用药的毒性,根据不同患者情况选择不同的联合治疗方案。
A.是(700%) B.否(20%) C.弃权(10%)
删除“表阿霉素”

3、患者接受曲妥珠单抗联合化疗时,根据肿瘤疗效和患者对化疗的耐受程度,推荐化疗应持续至少6-8周期。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

4、抗HER-2治疗后完全缓解的最佳持续治疗时间尚不明确,如果没有出现疾病进展或不可耐受毒性,抗HER-2治疗可持续使用至疾病进展,激素受体阳性的患者可以考虑HER-2治疗联合内分泌维持治疗。
A.是(90%) B.否(10%) C.弃权(0)

5、部分患者如抗HER-2治疗后肿瘤完全缓解数年,也可考虑暂时中断治疗,待复发后再考虑曲妥珠单抗治疗,以减轻患者经济负担。
A.是(90%) B.否(10%) C.弃权(0)

6、辅助使用过曲妥珠单抗的晚期乳腺癌患者,仍建议所有患者接受抗HER-2治疗。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

7、推荐对停用曲妥珠单抗至复发间隔时间≤12个月患者可选用二线抗HER-2方案治疗;而对停用曲妥珠单抗至复发间隔时间>12个月以上的患者,仍可选择曲妥珠单抗或曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗联合细胞毒药物作为一项抗HER-2治疗方案。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

8、在无法获得T-DM1时可选择其它二线治疗方案,包括继续曲妥珠单抗联合另一种细胞毒性药物、拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨和曲妥珠单抗拉帕替尼双靶向都是可选方案。
A.是(100%) B.否(0) C.弃权(0)

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    2016-09-27 哇咔咔7159

    太强大了,学习了!以后要多看看了

    0

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    2016-09-27 哇咔咔7159

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135848, encodeId=d1ca135848dd, content=太强大了,学习了!以后要多看看了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:27:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135847, encodeId=402613584e25, content=强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:26:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135547, encodeId=956e13554e7c, content=哦哦哦哦哦哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:31:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135531, encodeId=36ee135531bb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135530, encodeId=ac57135530c3, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135513, encodeId=0f8a1355132e, content=非常实用的指南,值得推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:41:02 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 yushenfengzhan

    哦哦哦哦哦哦

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135848, encodeId=d1ca135848dd, content=太强大了,学习了!以后要多看看了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:27:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135847, encodeId=402613584e25, content=强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:26:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135547, encodeId=956e13554e7c, content=哦哦哦哦哦哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:31:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135531, encodeId=36ee135531bb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135530, encodeId=ac57135530c3, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135513, encodeId=0f8a1355132e, content=非常实用的指南,值得推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:41:02 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135848, encodeId=d1ca135848dd, content=太强大了,学习了!以后要多看看了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:27:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135847, encodeId=402613584e25, content=强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:26:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135547, encodeId=956e13554e7c, content=哦哦哦哦哦哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:31:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135531, encodeId=36ee135531bb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135530, encodeId=ac57135530c3, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135513, encodeId=0f8a1355132e, content=非常实用的指南,值得推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:41:02 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135848, encodeId=d1ca135848dd, content=太强大了,学习了!以后要多看看了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:27:28 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135847, encodeId=402613584e25, content=强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160330/IMG56FB9F858C6F27403.jpg, createdBy=89731706435, createdName=哇咔咔7159, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 12:26:56 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135547, encodeId=956e13554e7c, content=哦哦哦哦哦哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:31:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135531, encodeId=36ee135531bb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:43 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135530, encodeId=ac57135530c3, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 26 20:02:37 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=135513, encodeId=0f8a1355132e, content=非常实用的指南,值得推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cd381919282, createdName=1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Sep 26 19:41:02 CST 2016, time=2016-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-26 1e0a2178m68(暂无匿称)

    非常实用的指南,值得推广

    0

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