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Cell Death Dis:治愈新希望!直捣肝癌转移与耐药关键点

2019-09-27 MedSci MedSci原创

导读:肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种高死亡率的恶性肿瘤,癌细胞易发生转移,导HCC致难以治愈、死亡率极高。临床数据显示HCC转移后对多数化疗药物耐药,手术与放疗亦无计可施。因此,确定可监测HCC转移轨迹的生物标志物及化疗耐药的HCC的靶向药物成为目前肝癌研究领域的重大难题。 近日,英国南安普敦大学的研究人员证明ZEB1是通过驱动癌细胞发生上皮-间充质转化(EMT)上调癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,其

导读:肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种高死亡率的恶性肿瘤,癌细胞易发生转移,导HCC致难以治愈、死亡率极高。临床数据显示HCC转移后对多数化疗药物耐药,手术与放疗亦无计可施。因此,确定可监测HCC转移轨迹的生物标志物及化疗耐药的HCC的靶向药物成为目前肝癌研究领域的重大难题。

近日,英国南安普敦大学的研究人员证明ZEB1是通过驱动癌细胞发生上皮-间充质转化(EMT)上调癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,其表达程度可预测HCC的转移潜力。同时他们分析了癌细胞耐药机制,指出PKC抑制剂是破解HCC化疗耐药难题的有效手段。两项成果加成,也许HCC的治愈将不再遥不可及。



HCC转移的监测仪——ZEB1

说到HCC转移,就免不了提及EMT。EMT是具有上皮性质的细胞由于其胞内相关细胞因子发生程序性变化,使其转化为间充质细胞的生物学过程。

EMT发生的主要特征为细胞间粘附分子(如E-cadherin)表达的减少、细胞骨架角蛋白转化为波形蛋白及形态上具有间充质细胞的特征等。通过EMT,HCC上皮细胞失去了细胞极性,失去与基底膜的连接,获得了较高的迁移与侵袭、抗凋亡和降解细胞外基质的能力。因此,EMT是HCC细胞获得迁移和侵袭能力的重要生物学过程,而驱动EMT的相关分子,就应该是HCC转移的关键。


ZEB1表达促进EMT

研究人员分析了8种HCC源性细胞系中ZEB1,ZEB2,E-cadherin和波形蛋白表达,发现E-cadherin与ZEB1/2的表达呈负相关,其中ZEB1是一种转录抑制因子,可与E-cadherin基因启动子结合,抑制E-cadherin的表达,同时促进角蛋白向波形蛋白的转化,进而激活了EMT。换言之,ZEB1正是EMT的主要驱动者。

来自HCC患者独立队列的研究数据显示,ZEB1的表达程度与患者的中位总生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS)呈负相关,他们指出,ZEB1表达可预测多个独立队列的HCC复发和患者生存情况,这就证实ZEB1的存在或血管浸润是OS和DFS的独立预后标志物,也是HCC转移的监测仪。


不同ZEB1表达水平的HCC化疗耐药谱

另外,他们发现ZEB1的表达提高HCC细胞的运动能力的同时,还诱导了HCC的化疗耐药。而且,进一步的研究发现,根据HCC细胞中ZEB1的表达程度不同,HCC细胞对不同化疗药耐药。

只要ZEB1有所表达,化疗耐药就会相应存在。也就是说,ZEB1的表达还可作为HCC化疗耐药的分层标准。这也说明DNA破坏剂对转移性HCC的作用可能乏善可陈,毕竟想完全抑制ZEB1表达不大容易。

转移性HCC的潜在靶向药物——PKC抑制剂

解决了HCC转移的生物标志物和化疗耐药分层问题,接下来自然是最令人头疼的化疗耐药问题。

既然HCC的化疗耐药跟ZEB1脱不了关系,那就从ZEB1入手。

研究人员发现ZEB1和PRKCA mRNA的表达具有显著的正相关,PRKCA丰度与间充质状态相关,PRKCA底物仅在ZEB1表达的化疗耐药的HCC细胞中显示强信号。通过使用PKC抑制剂(UCN-01等)下调PRKCA表达,破坏了PKC底物的磷酸化,进而降低了HCC细胞的存活率。机制分析显示ZEB1诱导的EMT可大大增加PRKCA的表达以及PKC底物的磷酸化,同时使HCC细胞对PKC抑制剂诱导的细胞凋亡敏感。也就是说,PKC抑制剂可作为化疗耐药的转移性HCC的潜在靶向药物。


肝癌细胞根据EMT状态对PKC抑制剂起反应


ZEB1诱导的EMT使化疗耐药的HCC对UCN-01敏感

进一步的动物实验表明,PKC抑制剂——UCN-01可显著延长化疗耐药的HCC动物的存活率,甚至可实现肿瘤的完全治愈!他们指出UCN-01对所有肝癌细胞系均具有抗肿瘤活性,无论是原发肿瘤还是继发肿瘤皆效果喜人,而其对ZEB1诱导的化疗耐药HCC疗效尤为显著。而且,这种治疗作用仅对肝癌组织有效,不伤害其他正常组织,这就免除了毒副作用的后顾之忧。换言之,PKC抑制剂有望在肝癌治疗中大放光彩。

这项研究解决了目前肝癌治疗的两大难题,为肝癌药物的研发提供了新方向,也为治疗药物的使用提出了宝贵建议。但目前皆暂时局限于细胞和动物实验,相应结论仍需更多临床数据加以证明。

原始出处:

Rahul Sreekumar,et al.Protein kinase C inhibitors override ZEB1-induced chemoresistance in HCC.Cell Death & Disease volume 10, Article number: 703 (2019).

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    2020-03-16 zhouqu_8
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    2019-11-14 维他命
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871430, encodeId=7b8618e143087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 09:01:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2006073, encodeId=796020060e3da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88ee30181e7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关键点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30181, encryptionId=88ee30181e7, topicName=关键点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=951d2500061, createdName=12498717m66(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Feb 21 20:01:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961716, encodeId=35481961e1699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Nov 14 07:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2013081, encodeId=d6c3201308161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Thu May 28 19:01:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1970002, encodeId=ac3819e0002f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec345834075' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新希望#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58340, encryptionId=ec345834075, topicName=新希望)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25d7319, createdName=珙桐, createdTime=Sat Dec 28 18:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1531477, encodeId=3d9215314e708, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=770e5e9457' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Death#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5794, encryptionId=770e5e9457, topicName=Death)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32e312278742, createdName=cy0328, createdTime=Sun Sep 29 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590342, encodeId=b1ea1590342fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c17e154824' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌转移#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71548, encryptionId=2c17e154824, topicName=癌转移)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dc017794099, createdName=linagood, createdTime=Sun Sep 29 08:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1040228, encodeId=1643104022880, content=肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=留走人康, createdTime=Fri Sep 27 20:01:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-28 珙桐
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    2019-09-29 cy0328
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    2019-09-27 留走人康

    肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负

    0

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