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Infection: 婴儿补充维生素D可以降低下呼吸道感染的概率

2022-05-29 xuyihan MedSci原创

呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染分为病毒性(70-80%)、细菌性(占20-25%)。普通感冒(俗称伤风)通常由鼻病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等引起,表现为打喷嚏、流鼻涕、咽痛。

下呼吸道感染 (LRTI) 长期以来一直是婴儿期死亡的主要原因。据估计,2016 年5岁以下儿童死亡 65 万人,其中一半以上是因为下呼吸道感染 (LRTI) 。婴儿期是生命历程中的关键早期阶段,该时期的健康状况不佳不仅会影响现在的健康和发育,还会影响他们以后的生活。维生素 D (VD) 已被证明具有免疫调节特性并介导对感染的免疫反应。越来越多的流行病证据表明,VD 缺乏症与婴儿和幼儿的 LRTI 风险显着增加有关,这意味着 VD 在预防和治疗儿童早期 LRTI 方面具有潜在益处。不幸的是,由于孕产妇 VD 摄入不足,VD 缺乏症在全世界新生儿中普遍存在。此外,母乳中仅含有约 40 IU/L 的 VD,远远不能满足婴儿的需求。因此,婴儿将长期缺乏 VD 的营养状况,并容易增加 LRTI 的风险。因此,本项研究旨在检验 VD 补充剂是否与整个婴儿期 LRTI 的风险相关,并在此基础上进一步评估预防 LRTI 的最佳补充剂量。

 

本项研究纳入的患者来自 2013 年在武汉进行的一项前瞻性出生队列。病例是没有新生儿肺炎但后来在婴儿期患上 LRTI 的患儿,他们与按婴儿性别、出生年份和出生年龄随机选择的五名对照患儿。最终分析中纳入了190个病例和950个对照。主要观察结果是第一次 LRTI 事件的发生,暴露变量是从出生到指标终点的 VD 补充。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型评估 VD 补充剂与 LRTI 风险之间的关联。

 

研究结果发现与未服用补充剂的婴儿相比,服用补充剂的婴儿 LRTI 的风险比相对降低了 59%(HR = 0.41;95% CI 0.26, 0.64)。在 0-603 IU/天的范围内,LRTI 风险与 VD 补充剂之间存在线性关系:VD 补充剂每天每增加 100 IU,婴儿发生 LRTI 的风险降低 21%(调整后的 HR:0.79;95% CI 0.71, 0.89)。在敏感性分析中也稳定地观察到线性关系。

 

本项研究证实VD补充剂与整个婴儿期 LRTI 风险降低有关,婴儿的最佳补充剂剂量可能超出目前的指南建议。

 

 

原始出处:

Miao Hong. Et al. Vitamin D supplementation and lower respiratory tract infection in infants: a nested case–control study. Infection.2022.

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    2022-05-29 张念英

    学习了,原来维生素D作用这么多啊

    0

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    2022-05-29 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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