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Med Care:阿片类药物在非癌症疼痛中的应用急剧增多

2013-09-30 睿医资讯 睿医资讯

发布于10月份Medical Care上报道的一项研究指出,在过去十年中,美国人应用于非癌症疼痛的强效阿片类药物处方增加了近一倍。与此同时,非阿片类镇痛药物的处方量保持平稳或有所减少。 非癌症疼痛的阿片类药物处方增加 研究者使用美国医生门诊全国数据库分析了2000-2010年因疼痛而就诊的趋势和针对疼痛所处方的药物。研究重点关注了强效阿片类药物(吗啡相关药物)在非癌症疼痛处方中的应用趋势。本研

发布于10月份Medical Care上报道的一项研究指出,在过去十年中,美国人应用于非癌症疼痛的强效阿片类药物处方增加了近一倍。与此同时,非阿片类镇痛药物的处方量保持平稳或有所减少。

非癌症疼痛的阿片类药物处方增加

研究者使用美国医生门诊全国数据库分析了2000-2010年因疼痛而就诊的趋势和针对疼痛所处方的药物。研究重点关注了强效阿片类药物(吗啡相关药物)在非癌症疼痛处方中的应用趋势。本研究由约翰霍普金斯药物安全及有效性中心主导进行。

研究结果显示,医生因疼痛而接诊的比例无显著改变。在这10年中,患者自诉或医生诊断的疼痛保持在门诊量的5%左右,接受止痛药(镇痛剂)治疗的患者比例也未发生改变。
然而,阿片类药物的处方比例显著增高。在疼痛诊疗的处方中,阿片类药物所占比例由2000年时的11.3%增高至2010年时的19.6%。

而非阿片类止痛剂在处方中的比例保持稳定,10年内由26%增至29%。在2010年间,约1.64亿疼痛患者中约半数接受了某种止痛药治疗,其中20%为阿片类药物,27%为非阿片类止痛剂。
对新发的骨骼肌肉疼痛诊疗数据进行分析发现,阿片类药物的处方量的趋势类似,但非阿片类药物的处方病例由38%显著降低至29%。研究期内,接受阿片类和非阿片类两种止痛药的患者比例也有所增高。

疼痛治疗需使用更加安全的替代药物

在对其他一些因素进行校准之后发现,患者、医师或临床实践特征均与非癌症疼痛中的阿片类药物使用比例无关。

慢性疼痛困扰着近1亿美国成人,且导致了卫生保健和生产力方面的重大浪费。人们对于疼痛的患病率和所致影响的了解越来越多,这促使人们不断增强对疼痛的鉴别和管理能力,例如,将疼痛常规视作“第五生命体征”。

尽管阿片类药物比非阿片类药物在非癌症疼痛管理方面更加安全有效的证据并不充分,但处方中非阿片类药物的比例有所降低。研究者们提议,政策制定者、专业机构和医疗服务者们应重新评估既往在鉴别、治疗和管理非恶性疼痛中所做的努力,并推进一种新的方法以充分反映非阿片类药物和非药物治疗的重要性。

原文阅读

Daubresse M, Chang HY, Yu Y, Viswanathan S, Shah ND, Stafford RS, Kruszewski SP, Alexander GC.Ambulatory Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonmalignant Pain in the United States, 2000-2010.Med Care. 2013 Oct;51(10):870-878.

 

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    2013-11-22 sunyl07
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    2013-10-02 lhlxtx
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