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下一代的希望:核型定位-胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(Karyomapping PGD)的故事

2015-11-05 Yara Shamsah Illumina

与大多数科学技术一样,karyomapping PGD(核型定位-胚胎植入前遗传学诊断)涉及到一些复杂而精确的参数,但若谈及它对患者生活的改善,那可谓是重拳出击。最近几篇文章报道了一些因为PGD的使用,从而在出生时幸免于患上特定遗传疾病的新生婴儿。两个澳大利亚的家庭因此能够保证他们自身所携带的遗传疾病不被传递给他们的孩子,从而确保家庭未来后代的安全。因此,标题用了“让诅咒在这里终止”作为背景,我们

与大多数科学技术一样,karyomapping PGD(核型定位-胚胎植入前遗传学诊断)涉及到一些复杂而精确的参数,但若谈及它对患者生活的改善,那可谓是重拳出击。

最近几篇文章报道了一些因为PGD的使用,从而在出生时幸免于患上特定遗传疾病的新生婴儿。两个澳大利亚的家庭因此能够保证他们自身所携带的遗传疾病不被传递给他们的孩子,从而确保家庭未来后代的安全。因此,标题用了“让诅咒在这里终止”作为背景,我们先简单介绍一下karyomapping PGD到底是什么,以及如何使用它来确保健康的未来。

根据严重程度的不同,遗传性疾病可能会对整个家庭带来灾难性的影响,包括心理、社会和/或经济影响。那些携带遗传病性状的个体,看到自己的亲人受到严重疾病的折磨,往往会失去组建自己的家庭的愿望,因为害怕把患病基因遗传给未来的孩子。

这就是干预能发挥作用的地方,它为那些可能将严重遗传病传递给下一代的夫妇提供了确定性。karyomapping(核型定位)是一种胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)技术,配合体外授精(IVF)使用。它的原理是在携带缺陷基因的染色体上寻找独特的遗传标记,就像指纹。利用这些标记,人们可看到感兴趣的基因所在的染色体片段,并确定这个片段是遗传自父亲还是母亲。这让科学家能够确定该胚胎是遗传了基因的正常版本,还是突变版本,从而找出哪个胚胎受影响,而哪个不受影响——这可能是植入的最佳候选。

通过体外授精获得的胚胎须经过活检步骤,也就是取出胚胎上一个或多个细胞,进行特定疾病的检测。有了这种技术,准父母能够在胚胎植入和怀孕之前检测胚胎的疾病状况。

在上面提及的例子中,一个家庭来自墨尔本,而另一家来自悉尼,他们都在墨尔本IVF机构寻求治疗。Mike和Victoria来自墨尔本,在失去了他们的第一个孩子Charlie后开始接受治疗,Charlie患上了一种被称为先天性肌无力综合征(CMS)的疾病,这是一种神经肌肉疾病,特点是虚弱和疲劳,而问题出自神经和肌肉细胞相连的地方。直到大儿子去世之前,这对夫妇一直没有意识到他们双方都是这种罕见疾病的携带者。他们选择接受karyomapping, 因为他们还想要一个孩子,但要确保这个孩子没有遗传这种疾病。

巧合的是,在Mike和Victoria诞下健康男婴的同一天,Jono和Alex这对悉尼夫妇也诞下了一个健康女婴,未携带她母亲的BRCA1突变。在Alex发现她遗传了家族的BRCA突变后,决定让“诅咒”在她这里终止,也就是说她将是这个家族中最后一名携带突变的女性。尽管并非所有BRCA突变都有害,但某些基因改变的确有着严重的后果,明显提高乳腺癌卵巢癌的风险。在实施预防性的手术以降低患癌机会之前,Alex希望拥有自己的家庭。为了确保她的孩子没有遗传到这种突变,这对夫妇使用karyomapping来选择无突变的胚胎。

这种技术为那些携带可怕的遗传病的父母带来了新的希望。让他们相信,他们的子女及后代将免于这些疾病。对于某些人来说,PGD是唯一的希望。

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    2015-11-06 ailian1202
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    2015-11-06 jiyangfei

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