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阿兹海默症与大脑中的铁沉积有关?

2018-08-26 MedSci MedSci原创

导致阿兹海默症的两种蛋白理论已存在多年,但迄今为止,尚无有效治疗阿兹海默症的新药问世。最近似乎有了一些转机:科学家发现遗传性阿兹海默症可能与神经元中的铁代谢有关,这一发现也为有效治疗提供了新思路。最近在《神经科学前沿》杂志上发表了一篇论文,研究人员提出了一个由罕见基因突变诱发阿兹海默症的全新理论。若该理论最终被证实,将有望找到一种预防该“慢性绝症”的有效治疗方法。研究人员认为:这个新致病机制只与细

导致阿兹海默症的两种蛋白理论已存在多年,但迄今为止,尚无有效治疗阿兹海默症的新药问世。最近似乎有了一些转机:科学家发现遗传性阿兹海默症可能与神经元中的铁代谢有关,这一发现也为有效治疗提供了新思路。

最近在《神经科学前沿》杂志上发表了一篇论文,研究人员提出了一个由罕见基因突变诱发阿兹海默症的全新理论。若该理论最终被证实,将有望找到一种预防该“慢性绝症”的有效治疗方法。

研究人员认为:这个新致病机制只与细胞代谢铁元素相关,和饮食中的铁元素含量无关。因此,善意提示人们不要因为这一理论去选择饮食或补充铁营养素。

传统理论的局限性

阿德莱德大学生物科学学院的拉德利教授指出:20多年来,绝大部分科学家对于β淀粉样蛋白导致老年痴呆症的理论深信不疑。

认为阿兹海默症患者的大脑中清除淀粉样蛋白可减缓认知能力下降的速度。然而遗憾的是至今为止,尚无有效手段阻止或缓解这种疾病的进展。

拉德利教授和其他几位科学家在一次偶然交流中顿悟基因突变可能导致阿兹海默症的致病机制。

阿兹海默症全新致病理论

研究人员认为,遗传性阿兹海默症的发病可能与神经元细胞内的铁代谢有关。铁元素是细胞赖以生存的常量元素,尤其对线粒体产生能量、维持细胞功能至关重要。

导致遗传性阿兹海默症的基因突变会影响铁出入神经元和神经元利用铁。

神经元对能量需求巨大,因此干扰它们的铁代谢将产生严重后果。此外,铁是炎症反应和产生破坏性“活性氧”分子的关键因子。这两种状况在阿兹海默症患者的大脑中极为常见。

目前,尽管已证实铁元素与遗传性阿兹海默症致病相关,但基因突变影响大脑细胞中铁代谢的机制,仍需要进一步研究和验证。


实际上,最近几年,许多研究都开始认识到铁与AD之间的关系,也有很多类似文章的发表

原始出处:

Balejcikova L, Siposova K, Kopcansky P, Safarik I. Fe(II) formation after interaction of the amyloid β-peptide with iron-storage protein ferritin. J Biol Phys. 2018 May 9. 


Sanchez-Mut JV, Heyn H, Silva BA, Dixsaut L, Garcia-Esparcia P, Vidal E, Sayols S, Glauser L, Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Perez-Tur J, Ferrer I, Monk D, Schneider B, Esteller M, Gräff J. PM20D1 is a quantitative trait locus associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med. 2018 May;24(5):598-603. 


Chung JY, Kim HS, Song J. Iron metabolism in diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease: a focus on insulin resistance in the brain. Biometals. 2018 Jul 24


Stockwell BR, Friedmann Angeli JP, Bayir H, Bush AI, Conrad M, Dixon SJ, Fulda S, Gascón S, Hatzios SK, Kagan VE, Noel K, Jiang X, Linkermann A, Murphy ME, Overholtzer M, Oyagi A, Pagnussat GC, Park J, Ran Q, Rosenfeld CS, Salnikow K, Tang D, Torti FM, Torti SV, Toyokuni S, Woerpel KA, Zhang DD. Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease. Cell. 2017 Oct 5;171(2):273-285


Lupton MK, Benyamin B, Proitsi P, Nyholt DR, Ferreira MA, Montgomery GW, Heath AC, Madden PA, Medland SE, Gordon SD; GERAD1 Consortium; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Lovestone S, Tsolaki M, Kloszewska I, Soininen H, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Powell JF, Bush AI, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Whitfield JB. No Genetic Overlap Between Circulating Iron Levels and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(1):85-99


Belaidi AA, Bush AI. Iron neurochemistry in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: targets for therapeutics. J Neurochem. 2016 Oct;139 Suppl 1:179-197

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    2018-08-27 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-08-26 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2018-08-26 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-08-26 huangshang9812

    原来如此

    0

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