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Aesthetic Plast Surg:乳晕周围小切口吸脂术对男性乳房发育的治疗

2022-08-20 医路坦克 MedSci原创

男性乳房发育症是男性常见的问题,本研究旨在通过总结男性乳房发育症的治疗满意度和并发症发生率,分析抽脂辅助小切口手术研究的质量,并对相关技术进行回顾。

男性乳房发育症是男性常见的问题,以乳房增大为特征,可双侧出现,很少单侧出现。乳腺组织的增大是由导管组织、脂肪和/或两者的数量增加引起的。诊断可以根据患者的病史和体检来确定。在生活中有三个阶段可以发生乳房发育症。第一种是出生后,由于雌二醇和黄体酮的刺激,通常在几周后消退。第二阶段发生在青春期,通常在14岁的高峰期被发现。青春期男性乳房发育症通常在发病后3年内自发消退。它是由雄激素与雌激素比例失衡引起的。老年期是发生乳房发育的第三个阶段。据推测,这是由于脂肪增加会产生过量的雌激素和睾丸素的减少所致。

男性乳房发育症会引起社交焦虑,有时还会引起疼痛或触痛。当乳房发育症不能自然消退时,可以用药物治疗或手术治疗。手术仅作为持续性乳房发育和疑似恶性肿瘤的患者的最后手段。一般来说,目的是在尽可能减少疤痕的情况下减少乳房的体积。有许多技术可用,并可根据男性乳房发育的级别使用。微创手术,如内窥镜手术,或吸脂辅助小切口手术是选择,因为它相关的并发症较少,恢复时间较短,以及更好的美学结果。乳房发育清除术的并发症可分为早期并发症和晚期并发症。早期并发症的一些例子包括血肿、浆液肿、感染和出血。晚期并发症包括残留的乳房组织、增生性瘢痕/瘢痕疙瘩、麻木、不对称、乳头坏死和轮廓不规则。

本研究旨在通过总结男性乳房发育症的治疗满意度和并发症发生率,分析抽脂辅助小切口手术研究的质量,并对相关技术进行回顾。

方法以PubMed、Scope us、Science Direct、Cochrane等文献为基础,以“女性乳房发育症”和“吸脂手术”为关键词,对西蒙乳房I、II级的治疗进行系统综述,并以未成年人为研究对象进行评价。

结果在415项研究中,有18项符合审查条件。1628例患者中共244例,平均年龄23.13岁。通过小切口设计,吸脂术方便了操作,移除了乳房组织;在术后满意度方面,显示出持续改善的生活质量。然而,满意度的测量方法各不相同,造成了对结果的解释困难。在整个研究过程中,并发症发生率并不一致,从0.06%到26.67%不等。吸脂手术的再手术率在0.6%~25%之间。只有两项针对总共25名患者的研究被认为质量良好。这两项讨论激光辅助吸脂技术的研究显示,两名患者出现了浆液瘤的轻微并发症。虽然有一项研究显示病人的满意率很高,但两项研究都表明外科医生的满意率很高。

结论男性乳房发育症乳房实质摘除小切口设计,为持续提高生活质量提供了良好的技术途径。然而,只有2项研究报道了非随机病例序列的高质量方法,敦促未来研究有更高的质量。

 

文献来源:

 Prasetyono TOH,  Budhipramono AG,  Andromeda I,Liposuction Assisted Gynecomastia Surgery With Minimal Periareolar Incision: a Systematic Review.Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022 Feb;46(1)

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