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Cell:合成生物学壮举!让细菌进化成像植物一样的自养生物...

2019-12-01 佚名 中国生物技术网

,发表在《Cell》上的一篇新研究中,来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家们进行了一场合成生物学壮举:他们改造了一种通常以单糖为食的细菌,使其可以像植物一样通过吸收二氧化碳来构建细胞。这一成果为利用工程细菌将我们视为废物的产品转化为燃料、食品或其他感兴趣的化合物开辟了令人振奋的新前景。

,发表在《Cell》上的一篇新研究中,来自以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家们进行了一场合成生物学壮举:他们改造了一种通常以单糖为食的细菌,使其可以像植物一样通过吸收二氧化碳来构建细胞。这一成果为利用工程细菌将我们视为废物的产品转化为燃料、食品或其他感兴趣的化合物开辟了令人振奋的新前景。

加州大学伯克利分校的生化学家Dave Savage没有参与这项研究,他表示这项研究影响深远。他说:“这些进步可能最终改变我们教授生物化学的方式。”

生物学家通常把世界分为两种类型的生物:自养生物(有机碳转化为生物量)和异养生物(消耗有机化合物)。自养生物控制着地球上的生物量,并供应我们所需要的食物和燃料。更好地理解自养生长的原理以及促进自养生长的方法对于实现可持续发展至关重要。

长期以来,合成生物学家一直试图通过改造植物和自养细菌,从水和二氧化碳中生产有价值的化学物质和燃料,因为这可能比其他途径更便宜。到目前为止,他们已经成功设计了异养大肠杆菌,从而获得了比其他方法更廉价生产乙醇和其他所需的化学物质。然而,它并不总是廉价的,这些经过工程改造的大肠杆菌菌株必须以稳定的糖为食,从而增加了工作成本。

因此,魏茨曼科学研究所的合成生物学家Ron Milo及其团队决定看看是否能将大肠杆菌转化为自养生物。为此,他们重新设计了这种细菌新陈代谢的两个基本部分:能量来源和用来生长的碳源。

在能量方面,研究人员无法赋予细菌进行光合作用的能力,因为该过程太过复杂。取而代之的是,他们植入了一种酶的基因,使细菌能以甲酸盐(一种有机一碳化合物)为食。然后,它们可以将甲酸盐转化为ATP,这是细胞可以使用的能量分子,并让其可以使用第二批接收到的三种新酶所需的能量,所有这些都使其能将二氧化碳转化为糖和其他有机分子。研究人员还让细菌通常用于新陈代谢的几种酶失活,迫使其依靠新的食物生长。

然而,这些变化最初并未产生能够以甲酸盐和二氧化碳为食的细菌。研究人员怀疑,这些营养物质仍在被导向其自然代谢。因此,他们将一批工程化的菌株接种到木糖(xylose,一种有机碳的来源)受限的化学恒温器中。研究团队最初供应约300天的木糖,并提供大量的甲酸盐和10%的二氧化碳,支持足够的细胞增殖以启动进化。

在这种环境中,与依赖xylose作为生长碳源的异养生物相比,自养生物具有很大的选择性优势,这些自养生物由二氧化碳作为唯一碳源生产生物质。研究人员使用同位素标记证实了分离出的细菌是真正的自养细菌,即二氧化碳,而不是xylose或任何其他有机化合物支持细胞生长。

研究团队今天报告说,这些进化的细菌总共获得了11种新的基因突变,使它们能在不食用其他有机体的情况下生存。

Milo说:“它确实显示了进化是多么惊人,因为它可以改变细胞新陈代谢的基本功能。”

多年来一直致力于同类研究的哈佛医学院系统生物学家Pam Silver说:“我对他们的成功表示敬意。”

科学家们之前已经开发了几十种工具来操纵大肠杆菌的基因,使其产生不同的化合物,如药物和燃料。这项新研究意味着研究人员可以植入这些以甲酸盐为食的自养大肠杆菌了,而甲酸盐又很容易获得,因此,由风能和太阳能产生的甲酸盐可以帮助工程细菌制造乙醇和其他燃料,或药物,如抗疟疾药物青蒿素。这是一个令人振奋的前景。

原始出处:
Shmuel Gleizer, Roee Ben-Nissan ,Ron Milo ,et al.Conversion of Escherichia Coli to Generate All Biomass Carbon From CO 2.Cell . 179 (6), 1255-1263.e12 2019 Nov 27 .PMID: 31778652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.009 .

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    2020-04-24 xuyong535
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    2020-02-23 维他命
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    2019-12-01 lovetcm

    也许有一天人也可进行光合作用了

    0

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    2019-12-01 lovetcm

    完美生物诞生了

    0

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    2019-12-01 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-12-01 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-12-01 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-12-01 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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在最近一期的 Current Opinion in Biotechnology,英国科学家Rainer Breitling和 Eriko Takano综述了近期合成生物学领域的最新进展。 在这篇综述中,他们回顾了合成生物学的发展。合成生物学的逐渐成熟,让科学家和工业界能够基于微生物系统合成药物分子和其他高附加值的化合物。从前些年仅仅存留于概念,即如何进行大规模的基因改造和化学分子合成路径设计

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一种由基因改造细菌制成的“活体药”在一项里程碑式的试验中,延长了患有严重代谢性疾病动物的寿命。

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