Thorax：快餐或增加儿童哮喘风险

　　来自新西兰、西班牙等国家的一项国际性研究显示，快餐食品或可增加儿童哮喘、鼻结膜炎和湿疹患病风险。研究者认为，如果快餐食品与哮喘、鼻结膜炎和湿疹症状患病率之间存在因果关系，那么因全球快餐食品消耗量上升而使这一结果具有重大的公共卫生意义。该论文发表在2013年第4期《胸科杂志》[Thorax. 2013;68:351-360]。

　　某些食物可能增加或减少哮喘、鼻结膜炎和湿疹的风险。国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究的Ⅲ期研究中探讨了摄取的食物种类对这些疾病的影响。

　　本研究采用书面调查问卷，调查过去12个月中哮喘、鼻结膜炎和湿疹的症状患病率和摄入食物的种类和次数情况，是由13-14岁青少年和6-7岁儿童的父母或监护人完成。校正混杂因素后采用logistic回归以及采用随机（混合）效应模型，评估患病率风险比（OR）。

　　结果是，对于青少年和儿童，对严重哮喘有一种潜在保护效应与每周食用水果≥3次有关（OR分别为0.89、0.86）；而严重哮喘风险增加与每周食用快餐≥3次有关（OR分别为1.39、1.27），严重鼻结膜炎和严重湿疹风险增加也有关。在两个年龄段观察到的相似模式用于地区分析，其与性别、富足（程度）分类以及目前三种疾病的症状相符。

与哮喘相关的拓展阅读：

• 快餐或增加儿童哮喘风险
• JAMA：舌下免疫疗法能用于过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的治疗
• Thorax：快餐或增加儿童哮喘风险
• 对乙酰氨基酚可诱导儿童哮喘
• 过度卫生习惯或促进成人哮喘
• J Allergy Clin Immun：尿液双酚A浓度与儿童哮喘相关
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Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three
Background
Certain foods may increase or decrease the risk of developing asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. We explored the impact of the intake of types of food on these diseases in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
Methods
Written questionnaires on the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema and types and frequency of food intake over the past 12 months were completed by 13–14-year-old adolescents and by the parents/guardians of 6–7-year-old children. Prevalence ORs were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, and using a random (mixed) effects model.
Results
For adolescents and children, a potential protective effect on severe asthma was associated with consumption of fruit ≥3 times per week (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97, respectively). An increased risk of severe asthma in adolescents and children was associated with the consumption of fast food ≥3 times per week (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.49; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42, respectively), as well as an increased risk of severe rhinoconjunctivitis and severe eczema. Similar patterns for both ages were observed for regional analyses, and were consistent with gender and affluence categories and with current symptoms of all three conditions.
Conclusions
If the association between fast foods and the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema is causal, then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally.