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肾囊肿和多囊肾有何区别?

2019-04-18 李青 天津市泰达医院 李青科普

肾囊肿也称单纯性肾囊肿,成年男性多见,50岁以上的人发生率为50%,是人体衰老导致的一种肾脏表现,换句话说,是肾脏老化的表现。



什么是肾囊肿、多囊肾

肾囊肿也称单纯性肾囊肿,成年男性多见,50岁以上的人发生率为50%,是人体衰老导致的一种肾脏表现,换句话说,是肾脏老化的表现。

小于20岁的人几乎没有肾囊肿,如果小于20岁的人出现了肾囊肿,应高度怀疑肾脏先天发育出现了问题或者是多囊肾。

肾囊肿一般单发,囊肿数目随着年龄的增加而增加,囊肿大小也随年龄增长而增大。有学者认为,肾囊肿是一种良性病变,癌变者极为罕见。所以,肾脏有囊肿的患者不要担心。

肾囊肿多发生于肾脏的上部,右肾更多见。一般来说,肾囊肿没有任何症状,大多是常规体检时超声检查发现。但是,如果囊内有出血,或者发生囊内感染,囊肿部位可出现剧烈疼痛。

单纯的肾囊肿原来的治疗方法是手术切除,但做手术的话疾病不大治疗的创伤太大,有点得不偿失,所以手术治疗肾囊肿被淘汰;后来用腔镜微创治疗,在囊肿部位开一个“天窗”,吸出里面的囊液,但这个方法治疗容易复发;创伤最小的处理方法是在超声引导下囊肿穿刺,抽出囊液,并注入少量无水酒精,以破坏囊壁细胞,防止复发。对小于4cm的囊肿可不用处理,定期复查。

两侧肾脏囊肿数≥3个称多发性肾囊肿。请注意,多发性肾囊肿和多囊肾是两回事。

多囊肾又称多囊脏器综合征,是一种遗传病,具有两个特征:1. 不仅肾脏有多囊,其它实质性脏器比如肝脏、脾脏、胰腺等也有多囊,严重者还会出现颅内动脉瘤;2. 家族中多人发病。

多囊肾的主要表现为双肾出现许多大小不等的囊肿,囊泡进行性增大,逐渐破坏肾脏的结构和功能,最终导致肾衰竭和尿毒症,并引起肾性高血压。肾性高血压又导致心梗、脑梗等心、脑并发症。

肾囊肿和多囊肾的区别

肾囊肿

成年后逐渐出现,囊肿数目很少超过3个,而且生长缓慢,肾脏大小正常,一般不会导致肾衰竭和高血压,预后良好。

多囊肾

 有遗传家族史,家族中多人发病;

 不仅仅肾脏,肝、脾等也有多发囊肿;

 因为囊肿数目多,肾脏明显增大;

 几乎所有患者都有高血压,而且发生的早,血压很高;

 很早就出现肾衰竭、尿毒症;

 预后不良。

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    2019-04-19 123d3f86m00暂无昵称

    谢谢分享,感谢细致的讲解

    0

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    2019-04-18 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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