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10个老年痴呆症重要标志 你中招了没

2015-10-14 崔玉艳 健康时报

(东南大学附属中大医院全科医学中心门诊副主任医师 于艳秋)每年的9月21日是世界老年痴呆日,随着中国社会老龄化的到来,老年人口数在增加,患老年痴呆症的老人也越来越多。老年痴呆症患者最早表现为记忆、思维、行为障碍,影响工作、家庭、和社会的关系。最终影响基本日常生活能力,增加了自身受伤致残的机会,增加了照护量,也让家庭和社会承受了沉重的经济负担。因此早期识别,延缓疾病的发生,让患者得到及时的治疗,是必

(东南大学附属中大医院全科医学中心门诊副主任医师 于艳秋)每年的9月21日是世界老年痴呆日,随着中国社会老龄化的到来,老年人口数在增加,患老年痴呆症的老人也越来越多。老年痴呆症患者最早表现为记忆、思维、行为障碍,影响工作、家庭、和社会的关系。最终影响基本日常生活能力,增加了自身受伤致残的机会,增加了照护量,也让家庭和社会承受了沉重的经济负担。因此早期识别,延缓疾病的发生,让患者得到及时的治疗,是必要的。

两种蛋白质破坏脑细胞致老年痴呆症

老年痴呆症是一种渐进性的神经退行性的疾病,是由神经斑块与纤维缠结两种变性蛋白质集聚在脑实质内,逐渐破坏脑细胞,损伤脑功能所致。这两种蛋白,先是破坏颅内海马结构和颞叶内侧,这是大脑最初形成记忆的部位,导致患者越来越记不住新事物,记忆障碍逐年加重。这两种蛋白质破坏大脑中部语言中枢,患者就会出现词不达意、说话含糊不清、甚至失语等语言障碍;病变发展到大脑的前部进行逻辑思维的地方,病人的解决问题、理解概念、或者是做生活中大小计划的能力下降。继而侵犯到脑部调节情绪的区域,病人就会发生情绪和感情失控。病变蔓延到脑内产生听觉、视觉、嗅觉的部位,带来感觉器官功能的异常,病人就会出现幻觉与妄想等。神经斑块与纤维缠结蔓延到脑后部,人们最早的记忆也会消失掉。再继续发展,平衡和协调能力丧失。最后破坏脑部的呼吸、心跳中枢,人就会走向死亡。

如何早期识别老年痴呆症

据悉,这种疾病,从轻度健忘发展到死亡,是一个缓慢而持续的过程。然而,目前诊断老年痴呆,在临床上还没有非常有用的方法,但可选用适当的测试。在早期阶段,老年痴呆症很难鉴别,是由于正常老化认知能力下降,还是轻度认识功能障碍,后者往往预示着老年痴呆症的可能。其最突出的临床特征是记忆减退,表现为对最近发生的事件,记忆障碍,不寻常的重复遗漏和学习新知识困难。例如,老年痴呆症患者可能整天会重复问同样的问题:如晚餐要吃什么,或经常错放物品(眼镜、钥匙、钱包)。记忆丧失,特别是学习并记住新的信息。随着病情的发展,症状往往表现为语言障碍更持久和难以完成日常生活中更复杂的任务。患者从较高层次的日常生活能力的损害,如执行金融交易和驾驶汽车能力或使用公共交通工,发展到基本的日常生活能力的异常,如个人卫生、如厕等;还可以出现包括抑郁、冷漠、焦虑、情绪激动、精神错乱(妄想、幻觉),徘徊和攻击行为问题。

10个老年痴呆症重要标志中招了没

虽然早期老年痴呆症具有隐匿性和可变性,但专家指出,10个老年痴呆症重要的警告标志可以提示老年痴呆症的可能:

1、记忆障碍。痴呆患者早期记忆障碍是轻度的,是对最近发生的事情产生明显的遗忘,对过去发生的事情却可以回忆起来。

2、执行熟悉任务困难。患者原来会做的事,不会做了,倾向于简单重复,或突然忘记为什么要做手头上正在做的事情,比如穿好鞋子,要去哪里。并且可能出现括约肌控制障碍,生活无法自理,若无人照料会污秽不堪。

3、语言出现问题。患者可能会出现言语障碍,说话错误、含糊不清,或者完全失语。

4、时间和地点的失定向。在记忆障碍的基础上,发生定向障碍,表现为不知是什么季节,甚至不知上下午,白天黑夜,不知所在地方是何处;不记得常见的人的姓名,严重时连儿、女也不认识,分不出男女性别。

5、判断能力的下降或缺失。对社会事物的判断力下降,别人说什么就是什么,无法正确地处理人际关系,合理地安排日常生活,计算能力出现障碍,买东西不会算钱,或把钱全送给别人。

6、抽象思维有问题,图像和空间的障碍。失去了空间立体感,对镜中的镜像很迷惑。

7、乱放东西。不记得东西放在哪里了,常以为丢了或被偷了。

8、情绪或行为变化、有强迫和仪式行为。痴呆早期伴发强迫的特点和仪式行为,其本质或基于脑损害所致的刻板和僵硬行为,或源于强迫性人格。

9、个性的变化。没有明确原因地沮丧、烦恼、恐惧或急躁。可有性格的改变,变刻板、固执。妄想出现在记忆障碍的基础上。妄想的来源归因于对环境的错误解释,幻觉带有器质性特征,大多是简单刻板、平庸和带有家务性的被害观念,寻常的迫害者为邻居、家人或其配偶,自己的东西放错位置,认为被人偷去,或怀疑配偶对其不忠。幻觉可使病人心烦,明显影响其日常生活。

10、社交障碍,主动能力的缺失。患者对于和他人打交道缺乏兴趣,拒绝群体活动。

专家强调,早期发现可以减轻患者的羞耻感,避免意外事故和损伤的发生,能得到更好的照护,这样患者也可以得到有效的治疗,甚至可以帮助战胜病魔。因此,如果在家庭或社会上发现具有以上这些表现的人,建议他们的家人及时加强看护,及时就医。

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    2016-11-20 大爰

    希望此文能广泛宣传

    0

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    2015-10-26 Boyinsh
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    2015-11-08 1dde1feem74(暂无匿称)

    挺好的

    0

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    2015-10-25 nizongzan

    老的时候,岁月不饶人,后悔浪费的时光

    0

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    2015-10-25 nizongzan

    每个人都有

    0

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    2015-10-15 vpssa

    每个人都会老去,我们也是

    0

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