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2021年《糖尿病肾脏疾病临床诊疗中国指南》发布,要点一览

2021-04-03 中华肾脏病杂志 中华肾脏病杂志

由中华医学会肾脏病学分会组织的《糖尿病肾脏疾病临床诊疗中国指南》于在《中华肾脏病杂志》正式在线发表。

糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)是糖尿病严重并发症,也是引起终末期肾脏病的主要原因,临床诊疗与预后仍有待提高。虽然国内外已颁布了多种有关糖尿病肾病诊断、治疗、管理的临床指南或专家共识,但仍不能满足国内广大肾科医生的需求,对如何精准诊断、合理用药、规范诊疗、防治并发症等问题仍有待解决。近日,由中华医学会肾脏病学分会组织的《糖尿病肾脏疾病临床诊疗中国指南》于在《中华肾脏病杂志》正式在线发表。

本指南中专家推荐强度参阅了世界卫生组织(WHO)等制定的GRADE证据质量分级和推荐强度系统,具体如下:A:证据基于多项临床随机对照试验(RCT)或Meta分析;B:证据基于单项临床RCT或多项非随机对照研究;C:证据基于非随机对照研究或专家共识意见;D:证据基于病例观察、个案报道。

诊断

一,糖尿病肾脏疾病

符合ADA 2020年制定的糖尿病诊断标准,有明确的糖尿病病史,同时与尿蛋白、肾功能变化存在因果关系,并排除其他原发性、继发性肾小球疾病与系统性疾病,符合以下情况之一者,可诊断DKD

二,正常白蛋白尿糖尿病肾脏疾病

符合WHOADA糖尿病的临床诊断标准,同时排除其他原发性、继发性或系统性疾病,有下列情况可考虑临床诊断为正常白蛋白尿DKD

三,糖尿病合并非糖尿病肾脏疾病

T2DKD的发生发展,治疗和预后与非糖尿病肾脏疾病完全不同。因此在诊断DKD之前,首先应明确DM中的肾脏损伤是由DKD还是由NDKD或是由DKD合并NDKD所致。

四,糖尿病肾脏疾病分期

该分期相较于以往更加精准 ,有助于估计DKD肾损伤程度和预后,加强疾病管理。

肾活检

一,肾活检适应症

DKD诊断目前尚缺乏无创性特异性生物标志物,肾活检是确诊DKD的重要依据。但DM/DKD患者肾活检适应症存在一定的争议,目前国内外尚无统一标准。患者无肾活检禁忌证,有下列情况可考虑肾活检。

治疗

一,改变生活方式

二,控制血糖

三,控制血压

四,控制蛋白尿

五,调节血脂

六,控制尿酸

原始出处:

中华医学会肾脏病学分会专家组. 糖尿病肾脏疾病临床诊疗中国指南[J]. 中华肾脏病杂志, 2021, 37(3): 255-304.https://maiimg.com/pdf/?e=ag9CLnuI5q91Qm

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