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超声心动图诊断肢端肥大症心肌病1例

2018-12-07 陈榕 李慧忠 中国超声医学杂志

患者男,25岁。因“反复胸闷、气喘2个月余”入院。查体:血压148/81mmHg,头部巨颅,颧骨高耸,眉弓高突,唇肥厚,鼻唇沟隆起,鼻宽舌大,心尖搏动增强、弥散,心脏相对浊音界向左下扩大,心率110次/min,律齐。手脚粗大肥厚,皮肤粗厚,双下肢中度水肿。辅助检查:生长激素(GH)>40↑;泌乳素287.94ng/ml↑;脑利钠肽1471pg/ml↑。

患者男,25岁。因“反复胸闷、气喘2个月余”入院。查体:血压148/81mmHg,头部巨颅,颧骨高耸,眉弓高突,唇肥厚,鼻唇沟隆起,鼻宽舌大,心尖搏动增强、弥散,心脏相对浊音界向左下扩大,心率110次/min,律齐。手脚粗大肥厚,皮肤粗厚,双下肢中度水肿。辅助检查:生长激素(GH)>40↑;泌乳素287.94ng/ml↑;脑利钠肽1471pg/ml↑。
 
颅脑MRI平扫+增强示:鞍内异常所见,考虑垂体腺瘤。于我科行超声心动图检查提示:左室壁动度明显减弱,全心扩大,二尖瓣轻-中度反流,三尖瓣及主动脉瓣轻度反流,肺动脉增宽伴肺动脉压升高,心包少-中等量积液,全心功能显著降低,左室射血分数(LVEF)=17.5% (图1)。
 
图1 心脏超声心动图。左室长轴切面示患者心脏呈典型扩张型心肌病改变
 
术后病理回报鞍区垂体腺瘤。根据病史及既往入院相关检查,典型体貌特征,诊断为肢端肥大症性心肌病。随访术后两年,患者LVEF波动在17%~28.7%。
 
讨论 
 
肢端肥大症心肌病是一种特异度心肌病,确诊肢端肥大症患者出现心脏扩大,心力衰竭,心律失常,除外其他类型的心脏病,即可诊断为肢端肥大症心肌病。其主要机制为腺垂体促生长细胞合成和分泌的超生理剂量的GH,使心肌细胞的蛋白质合成增加,促使心肌重量增加,心肌肥厚;同时由于心肌细胞间质胶原纤维沉积及淋巴细胞和单核细胞浸润,致心室纤维化、心肌细胞变性坏死,最终引起心室腔扩大,心脏舒张功能受限明显,心力衰竭。患者早期超声心动图可表现为心室壁增厚,心排出量增大,心率增快;晚期可为典型扩张型心肌病表现。
 
本例患者,病程较长,初诊即发现全心扩大,舒张功能明显受限,左室射血分数显著减低,这是心肌严重坏死伴纤维化的表现。即使手术去除了原发病灶,控制GH恢复正常水平,但因心肌细胞的不可再生性,患者的心肌损害无法逆转;同时患者体型巨大,多器官肥大,继发性全身负荷加重,治疗效果不佳,预后不良。
 
原始出处:

陈榕,李慧忠.超声心动图诊断肢端肥大症心肌病1例[J].中国超声医学杂志,2018(01):24.

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