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仑伐替尼联合来曲唑在绝经后HR+局部晚期/转移性乳腺癌中的探索

2019-05-26 凌瑞 肿瘤资讯

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)成立于1964年,是世界上规模最大,学术水平最高,最具权威的临床肿瘤学会议。2019年ASCO年会即将于5月31日至6月4日在芝加哥举办。今年的主题为“Caring for Every Patient, Learning from Every Patient”。在本次ASCO年会上,乳腺癌领域将迎来多项重磅研究。其中一项ⅠB/Ⅱ研究在绝经后HR+局部晚期/转移性乳腺癌中

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)成立于1964年,是世界上规模最大,学术水平最高,最具权威的临床肿瘤学会议。2019年ASCO年会即将于5月31日至6月4日在芝加哥举办。今年的主题为“Caring for Every Patient, Learning from Every Patient”。在本次ASCO年会上,乳腺癌领域将迎来多项重磅研究。其中一项ⅠB/Ⅱ研究在绝经后HR+局部晚期/转移性乳腺癌中评估仑伐替尼联合来曲唑治疗的疗效和药代动力学。

凌瑞主任医师  教授  博士生导师,空军军医大学西京医院甲状腺乳腺血管外科主任,中华医学会外科学分会乳腺外科学组委员,中华医学会肿瘤学分会乳腺癌学组委员,中国医药教育协会乳腺疾病专业委员会副主任委员,中国医师协会外科医师分会乳腺疾病培训专家委员会常务委员,中国医师协会外科医师分会乳腺外科医师委员会委员,陕西省医师协会乳腺甲状腺外科专科医师分会主任委员,全军普通外科专业委员会常务委员

背景

内分泌阻断是HR+ LABC/MBC的标准治疗方案。RET过表达在HR+乳腺癌中高达75%,且被认为是内分泌治疗耐药的机制。临床前研究显示RET和内分泌受体之间存在交互作用,因此,仑伐替尼联合内分泌治疗只是具有叠加作用。

方法

这是一项IB期研究(3+3剂量递增),以评估仑伐替尼联合来曲唑治疗的安全性、耐受性和药代动力学。两个药物均采用连续给药模式,在治疗最初2周,先接受仑伐替尼单药治疗,之后再接受仑伐替尼+来曲唑联合治疗12周,然后局部晚期患者接受手术治疗,晚期患者持续治疗直至疾病进展。15例患者进行了系列标本采集,采集时间分别为基线、仑伐替尼单药治疗后,仑伐替尼+来曲唑联合治疗4周后,以及局部晚期患者手术时/转移性患者PD时。

结果

共16例患者接受治疗(局部晚期乳腺癌4例、转移性乳腺癌12例)。在转移性乳腺癌中,既往中位治疗线数为3线(范围:0~10);分别有84.6%、66.7%和58.3%的患者既往接受过内分泌治疗、内分泌联合CDK4/6抑制剂治疗和化疗。在剂量1水平(DL-1),4例患者中,2例出现剂量限制性毒性(DLT)。DL-1未出现DLT,但6例患者均需要进行剂量下调,其中4例患者的剂量下调发生在仑伐替尼+来曲唑联合治疗6周内(3例出现3度高血压、1例出现3度伤口疼痛),因此DL-1不可耐受。接受DL-2的6例患者中,均未出现DLT,推荐作为II期研究剂量。最常见的3度毒性为高血压(6/16)、蛋白尿(2/16)和手足综合症(2/16),未观察到4/5度毒性。仑伐替尼+来曲唑联合治疗的疗效较好,其中93.8%的患者取得疾病控制(50.0%为PR,43.8%为SD)。在转移性乳腺癌患者中(12例患者,8例既往接受过内分泌联合CDK4/6抑制剂治疗),DCR ≥12周的患者达到91.7%;1例患者在48周时仍持续取得PR,达到,1例患者在40周时仍持续取得PR。16例患者中,9例在基线时检测到为RET+,其中66.7%的患者在治疗后显示出RET表达下调(RECIST标准评价,4 例PR,2例SD)。

结论

仑伐替尼+来曲唑联合治疗显示出显着的抗肿瘤活性,即使在既往接受过化疗或内分泌联合CDK4/6抑制剂治疗进展的患者中。推挤的RP2D为仑伐替尼14mg联合来曲唑2.5mg,这一方案耐受性后,目前正在进行剂量扩增研究。

专家点评

仑伐替尼(Lenvatinib),研发代号:E7080,是一种多靶点受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)抑制剂,可抑制VEGFR1、VEGFR2和VEGFR3,亦可抑制其他与病理性新生血管、肿瘤生长及癌症进展相关的RTK,包括成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)受体FGFR1,2,3,4和血小板衍化生长因子受体α(PDGFRα),KIT及RET。2015年美国FDA和欧洲药品管理局EMA批准仑伐替尼用于治疗侵袭性、局部晚期或转移性分化型甲状腺癌。2016年美国FDA和欧洲EMA又相继批准仑伐替尼联合依维莫司用于治疗晚期肾细胞癌。2018年3月,仑伐替尼在日本获批适用于不可切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的一线治疗。

RET是一个原癌基因,全名:RET proto-oncogene:位于10号常染色体长臂(10q11.2),全长60kb,包含21个外显子,编码1100个氨基酸的酪氨酸激酶受体超家族RET蛋白,其突变与多种疾病的发生密切相关,包括多发性内分泌腺瘤病2型(multiple endocrine neoplasiatypeⅡ,MEN2)、甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinomas,PTC)、先天性巨结肠及肺腺癌等,其不同的突变类型可导致肿瘤侵袭能力的不同。

仑伐替尼已经获批用于甲状腺癌、肾癌和肝细胞癌,尤其是肝细胞癌,打破了索拉非尼的一线统治地位。在妇瘤领域也有突破,如2019年SGO报道的仑伐替尼联合周方案紫杉醇治疗铂耐药卵巢癌,ORR 71%;2018年ASCO报道的仑伐替尼联合帕博利珠单抗治疗子宫内膜癌,ORR 39.6%。不过,在乳腺癌鲜有数据报道。2019年ASCO摘要惊爆一项仑伐替尼联合来曲唑治疗绝经后HR+乳腺癌的Ⅰb/Ⅱ期试验。

内分泌治疗一直是HR+晚期乳腺癌患者的标准治疗方案,高达75%的HR+乳腺癌患者存在RET过表达,研究表明为内分泌治疗耐药的机制。RET也是仑伐替尼的靶点之一,临床前研究也证实了仑伐替尼和来曲唑的联合疗效。2019年ASCO爆出的这项Ⅰb期试验(3+3剂量递增),以研究仑伐替尼+来曲唑的安全性和疗效。入组16例晚期乳腺癌患者,先服用仑伐替尼单药2周,在服用12周的仑伐替尼+来曲唑。84.6%, 66.7%, 和58.3%的患者分别用过内分泌治疗、CDK4/6抑制剂+内分泌治疗、化疗。总体有效率为50%,也是部分缓解率,无患者完全缓解,疾病控制率为93.8%。其中12例转移性乳腺癌患者的12周DCR为91.7%(8例患者既往用过CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗)。1例患者部分缓解维持了48周,1例患者40周后持续部分缓解。

最常见的3级不良反应为高血压(6/16)、蛋白尿(2/16)和掌跖红肿感觉障碍(PPE)(2/16),无4/5级不良反应。研究表明,14mg仑伐替尼+2.5mg来曲唑的耐受性良好。因此,仑伐替尼联合来曲唑显示出显着的抗肿瘤活性,即便是既往化疗/内分泌+CDK4/6抑制剂耐药的乳腺癌患者。14mg仑伐替尼+2.5mg来曲唑的耐受性良好。仑伐替尼联合来曲唑为晚期乳腺癌多线内分泌治疗失败后提供了新的选择。

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    2019-05-28 chg122
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    2019-05-28 zxxiang

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