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J immunol:真菌感染引发IL-27分泌负向调节T细胞活性

2016-06-12 佚名 生物谷

近年来,住院患者受到真菌感染的致病率与致死率都在不断上升。这可能是由于医学水平的进步,导致更多免疫力低下患者的出现。假丝酵母是一种常见的致死性真菌,每天受到假丝酵母感染的病例达到40-50万例。其中致死率高达46%-75%。假丝酵母在体内的定殖以及扩增依赖于其余宿主免疫细胞的相互作用。巨噬细胞,树突状细胞等表面表达的模式识别受体能够与真菌分泌的特定物质相互识别从而引发免疫反应。例如,真菌表面的b

近年来,住院患者受到真菌感染的致病率与致死率都在不断上升。这可能是由于医学水平的进步,导致更多免疫力低下患者的出现。假丝酵母是一种常见的致死性真菌,每天受到假丝酵母感染的病例达到40-50万例。其中致死率高达46%-75%。假丝酵母在体内的定殖以及扩增依赖于其余宿主免疫细胞的相互作用。巨噬细胞,树突状细胞等表面表达的模式识别受体能够与真菌分泌的特定物质相互识别从而引发免疫反应。例如,真菌表面的beta-葡聚糖与甘露糖能够与免疫细胞表面的C-type lectin受体以及TLR2/TLT4等相互识别。最近研究发现,真菌的核酸物质以及几丁质能够被胞内含体上的TLR7/9以及胞浆中的NOD2等受体识别。这些受体的激活能够引发大量细胞因子的释放,进而引起Th1以及Th17细胞的活化。此前已经有许多研究针对C-type lectin受体以及TLR在相应假丝酵母感染中的作用。而针对NOD2的作用研究却并不多。

IL-27IL-12家族成员之一,主要由抗原呈递细胞分泌,成熟形式为异源二聚体。它能够反向调控IL-2信号,从而限制T细胞的活性。此前研究发现热灭活的白色念珠菌能够引发IL-27的表达,但假丝酵母能够引起相同的效应并不清楚,IL-27是否参与了宿主抵抗假丝酵母感染的效应也不得而知。

为了研究这一问题,来自英国加的夫大学医学院的Selinda J. Orr课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在最近的《Journal of Immunology》杂志上。

首先,作者分离了小鼠的BMDM以及BMDC并分别对此进行不同种类的假丝酵母刺激。结果显示,近平滑假丝酵母能够引发大量的IL-27的产生,之后,作者将该种真菌进行高温灭活处理,结果显示,灭火后的真菌不再能够引发IL-27的产生,这说明IL-27的表达依赖于真菌的侵染能力。

进一步,作者希望了解哪一类受体参与了该信号的激活。令人意外的是,TLR2/4都没有参与这一过程,而下游的MyD88则对IL-27的激活有关键作用。此外,细胞的吞噬能力也对此有关键性的影响。另一方面,TLR-7以及NOD-2对于细胞响应近平滑假丝酵母产生IL-27也具有关键性的作用。这些结果表明近平滑假丝酵母可能是通过细胞内吞作用进入胞内内含体或胞浆中,从而引发TLR-7NOD-2的激活而引发的IL-27的分泌。

通过动态分析IL-27的分泌,作者发现:在真菌感染之后9-12小时,IL-27才有显著的上升。进一步,作者希望了解是否有其他分子介导了IL-27的分泌,实验结果显示:IFN-beta对于IL-27的分泌起到了信号传递的作用。

为了研究IL-27对于抗真菌感染的作用,作者使用IL-27受体缺失突变小鼠进行试验。结果显示:突变体小鼠在真菌清除能力上明显高于对照组,其炎症反应活性也明显高于对照组。进一步,作者发现突变体小鼠在受到感染后IFN-gamma的产生量明显高于对照组,这说明IL-27的缺失导致T细胞的活化能力的增强。

原始处处

Emmanuel C. Patin,1 Adam V. Jones, Aiysha Thompson, Mathew Clement.IL-27 Induced by Select Candida spp. via TLR7/NOD2 Signaling and IFN-b Production Inhibits Fungal Clearance.J immunol.2016

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    2016-10-11 gwc392
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    2016-06-14 zhaojie88
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    2016-06-14 tomyang93

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