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JAMA Pediatr:全球儿童和青少年健康的综合分析研究!

2017-04-07 MedSci MedSci原创

全面及时监测各年龄组别,包括儿童和青少年的疾病负担,对改善人口健康至关重要。近期,一项发表在权威杂志JAMA Pediatr上的文章描述了1990年至2015年期间儿童和青少年的死亡率以及非致死性健康结果的水平和趋势,为政策提供了框架。此项研究根据1990年至2015年的年龄组别和性别,对195个国家和地区的原因特异性死亡率和非致死性健康结果进行了分析;采用标准化的数据处理和统计建模方法,随后对结

全面及时监测各年龄组别,包括儿童和青少年的疾病负担,对改善人口健康至关重要。


近期,一项发表在权威杂志JAMA Pediatr上的文章描述了1990年至2015年期间儿童和青少年的死亡率以及非致死性健康结果的水平和趋势,为政策提供了框架。

此项研究根据1990年至2015年的年龄组别和性别,对195个国家和地区的原因特异性死亡率和非致死性健康结果进行了分析;采用标准化的数据处理和统计建模方法,随后对结果进行了分析,描述了儿童和19岁以下青少年的地理水平和时间的趋势性。对每个地理单位和年份,制定了收入、教育和生育率的综合指标(社会人口指数[SDI]),以评估SDI与健康损失之间的历史关联。
此项研究发现:全球儿童和青少年死亡人数从1990年的1418万人(95.0%不确定区间[UI],1498万人至1428万人)下降到2015年的726万人(95%UI,714万到739万人),但是进展的分布不均衡。2015年SDI较低的国家的死亡率比例(75%)高于1990年(61%)。 

2015年,大多数死亡人数发生在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区。全球趋势是由于感染性、营养性和新生儿疾病导致的死亡率下降所致,这导致非传染性疾病和伤害在解释全球疾病负担方面的重要性相对增加。

从1990年到2015年,儿童和青少年残疾的绝对负担增加了4.3%(95%UI,3.1%-5.6%),其中大部分增长是由于人口增长和儿童和青少年相对于老年人生存率的提高。除了感染状况外,残疾的最大原因与出生时出现的病症的长期后遗症有关(例如,新生儿疾病,先天性缺陷和血红蛋白病)以及各种感染和营养缺陷的并发症。由多种原因引起的贫血、发育性智力障碍、听力损失、癫痫和视力丧失是儿童残疾的重要因素。

孕产妇和生殖健康仍然是青少年女性疾病负担的主要原因,特别是在较低的SDI国家。在低SDI国家,死亡率是儿童和青少年健康损失的主要动力,而残疾在高SDI地区占主导地位;流行病学过渡的具体模式因疾病和伤害而异。

此项研究结果表明:虽然发展并不均衡,但许多国家的关注和投资导致儿童和青少年健康损失的原因得到持续改善。一些国家的传染病持续存在,加上持续的流行病学过渡到受伤和非传染性疾病,都要求所有国家认真评估和执行适当的战略,以最大限度地发挥改善童和青少年的健康。

原始出处:
Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration, et al. Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Apr 3. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0250.

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    2017-05-27 feather89
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    2017-04-10 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!

    0

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    2017-04-07 ideal肿瘤医

    学习了

    0

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