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晚期前列腺癌药物Galeterone三期临床失败

2016-07-27 佚名 美中药源

美国生物技术公司Tokai Pharmaceuticals去势抵抗前列腺癌药物Galeterone的一个叫做Armor3-SV三期临床因疗效被数据监察委员会提前终止。这个临床试验比较Galeterone与阿斯特拉/Medivation的雄激素受体拮抗剂Xtandi对转移前列腺癌患者无进展生存期的改善,结果Galeterone未能显示能超过Xtandi,试验因此被终止。Galeterone是Toka

美国生物技术公司Tokai Pharmaceuticals去势抵抗前列腺癌药物Galeterone的一个叫做Armor3-SV三期临床因疗效被数据监察委员会提前终止。这个临床试验比较Galeterone与阿斯特拉/Medivation的雄激素受体拮抗剂Xtandi对转移前列腺癌患者无进展生存期的改善,结果Galeterone未能显示能超过Xtandi,试验因此被终止。Galeterone是Tokai唯一在临床阶段的资产,所以这个失败令Tokai股票暴跌80%到1.1美元。Tokai两年前上市时股价为15美元。

现在去势抵抗前列腺癌的治疗依靠Zytiga(强生)和Xtandi(阿斯特拉/Medivation),前者是Cyp17抑制剂后者是雄激素受体拮抗剂。Galeterone不仅具有这两个靶点的活性,而且还可以在较高浓度(约1 uM)诱导雄激素受体降解。有机理研究显示Galeterone可以抑制去泛素酶,因而可以增加泛素化雄激素受体,加速降解。最近有一个叫做Protac的技术可以把E3连接酶带到目标蛋白附近而加速其泛素化和降解,从而可以确证新颖靶点在疾病治疗中的作用。这种Protac偶联物理论上也可以作为药物,但现在还处在非常早期的研究阶段。

这个Armor3-SV是第一个根据精准医学设计的前列腺癌三期临床试验,因为他们使用了Qiagen开发的AR-V7检测试剂作为招募病人标准。AR-V7是最常见的雄激素受体变异,因为缺失C端蛋白而活性更高。这种变异在原发前列腺癌比例不大(约20%),所以原来Tokai并未专门针对这类病人。但在Tokai二期临床开始后有研究发现Xtandi和Zytiga复发病人AR-7变异较多(50-70%),Tokai回头看其二期87个病人中有AR-V7变异的6个病人确实PSA降低显着(>50%),因此改变了方向。这种先带枪后画靶子是个非常危险的策略,所以很多业界人士一直不看好Armor3-SV。但是今天的事情发生后Tokai还准备继续两个复发前列腺癌的二期临床试验。

虽然Galeterone二期临床的PSA疗效有作弊嫌疑,但在临床前实验中Galeterone确实显示比Xtandi更有效地阻断AR-V7细胞雄激素信号通路,但是这未能转化成病人最关心的疗效。这个试验只有148人,和当年Xtandi和Zytiga的***以上试验人数比也差很多。而这个试验不是和安慰剂而是和Xtandi比较,即使真好于Xtandi也要更多人数才能看到。另外FDA在此之前也表示了对PFS作为试验终点的怀疑。所以Galeterone离上市挣钱差的不止一个Armor3-SV。

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    2016-09-19 ylzr123

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