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AHA2019丨肥胖患者是否能应用DOACs?

2019-11-24 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

近年来,肥胖在全球范围内广泛流行且发病呈增加趋势。研究发现,肥胖会对药物代谢产生影响。那么,肥胖对于临床实践中直接口服抗凝药(DOACs)的选择有何影响?肥胖患者是否应选择用DOACs?在AHA 2019科学年会上,Karlyn Martin教授汇总各种相关研究的数据就这一问题进行了深入解析。

近年来,肥胖在全球范围内广泛流行且发病呈增加趋势。研究发现,肥胖会对药物代谢产生影响。那么,肥胖对于临床实践中直接口服抗凝药(DOACs)的选择有何影响?肥胖患者是否应选择用DOACs?在AHA 2019科学年会上,Karlyn Martin教授汇总各种相关研究的数据就这一问题进行了深入解析。

肥胖对药物代谢的影响

研究发现,超重及肥胖患者的心房颤动(AF)及深静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)风险显著增加。现实实践中,药物的暴露及作用受吸收、分布、代谢及排泄等环节的影响。在肥胖人群中,药物暴露的很多方面都可能会受到影响。例如,肥胖可增加药物的分布容积,增加肾脏清除率,增加细胞色素C450的活性及II相酶结合活性,可导致肾小球高滤过进而增加肾血浆流量。但需强调的是,肥胖时药物的分布容积及清除率可能并无统一特征。

随机对照临床试验的数据

对有关DOACs随机对照临床试验的分析发现,整体而言,受试患者中肥胖患者的数量有限。此外,在肥胖患者中,与维生素K拮抗剂相比,DOACs的疗效及安全性并无显著差异。其中,对ROCKET-AF研究的事后分析显示,在BMI>30 kg/m2的患者中,与华法林相比,利伐沙班的S/SE及大出血风险并无差异。对ARISTOTLE研究的事后分析同样发现,在体重>120 kg或>140 kg的患者中,与华法林相比,阿哌沙班的S/SE及大出血风险无显著差异。

药代动力学/药效学数据

有关DOACs的药代动力学研究数据显示,DOACs在肥胖人群中的药代动力学会出现改变,因此,对于特定体重范围内者药物给药剂量必须坚持个体化原则。例如,RE-LY研究显示,体重与达比加群的血浆谷浓度之间呈负相关关系;与体重处于50~100 kg者相比,体重>100 kg者体内达比加群的平均血药浓度更低。无独有偶,Upreti VV等对54例健康受试者的分析也发现,体重对于阿哌沙班的药代动力学有影响。具体来说,给予特定剂量阿哌沙班后,与体重处于65~85 kg者相比,体重过高(≥120 kg)者的最大血药浓度则降低31%,药物分布容积可增大24%,药物暴露量降低25%。另有研究发现,利伐沙班在人体内的分布容积与体重直接相关,当体重低于56 kg时,体重每降低1 kg,利伐沙班的分布容积约减少0.8%。不过,利伐沙班的最大血药浓度不受体重的影响。
 
2016年国际血栓与止血学会(ISTH)发表的指导声明认为,患者应用DOACs的BMI上限为40 kg/m2,体重上限为120 kg;不推荐BMI超过40 kg/m2或体重超过120 kg的患者应用DOACs。同时,声明强调若一定要在BMI超过40 kg/m2、体重超过120 kg的患者中应用DOACs时务必监测药物特异性的DOAC水平。

近期回顾性/前瞻性队列研究数据

2019年开展几项相关回顾性研究结果令人鼓舞。2019年Kushnir等对795例AF及VTE患者回顾性分析发现,在BMI≥40 kg/m2的患者中,阿哌沙班及利伐沙班与华法林的疗效及安全性并无显著差异。Kido等针对128例AF患者开展的研究同样发现,有关BMI>40 kg/m2或体重超过120 kg的患者,应用DOAC与华法林的S/SE及大出血事件发生率相似。Kalani等对180例AF及VTE患者的分析得到与上述两项研究相一致的结果。
 
Peterson等对BMI>40 kg/m2或体重超过120 kg的AF患者的分析显示,与华法林相比,利伐沙班有效性相当,但有助于显著降低医疗成本(48552 $ vs. 52418 $,P=0.003),降低住院率(50.2% vs. 54.1%,P=0.0008),缩短住院时间(7.5天 vs. 9.1天,P=0.001),还有助于减少门诊就诊次数(86次 vs. 115次,P<0.001)(见下图)。


 
回顾性研究有其固有的局限性,因此,未来亟需开展更多相关前瞻性研究,以评估DOACs在肥胖患者中应用的安全性及有效性。
 
总之,从现有证据来看,虽然肥胖会影响药物的代谢。但目前不应剥夺肥胖患者便于应用且出血风险小的DOACs的权利。

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    2019-11-26 zhaohui6731
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    2019-11-26 yaanren
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951014, encodeId=b1021951014f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72078190803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81908, encryptionId=72078190803, topicName=肥胖患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Thu Sep 03 09:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1268215, encodeId=130f12682154d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279336, encodeId=4a0412e933626, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=316d1882bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1882, encryptionId=316d1882bc, topicName=ACS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541731, encodeId=fa741541e319b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bcd61e458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DOACs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6174, encryptionId=1bcd61e458, topicName=DOACs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=589613322424, createdName=12498474m34暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375831, encodeId=84e23e583102, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eokfrdL6VEEXs0gPVxEhzWXMfZ748icyJ29qyfm2JM0A68qN7icXJ1a5aX0BEAVEcy5oGh2hLqNSLlQ/132, createdBy=0a812249009, createdName=Spir, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 23:13:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375809, encodeId=8a893e580943, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 08:04:28 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375797, encodeId=f5653e579781, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 05:13:30 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951014, encodeId=b1021951014f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72078190803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81908, encryptionId=72078190803, topicName=肥胖患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Thu Sep 03 09:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1268215, encodeId=130f12682154d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279336, encodeId=4a0412e933626, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=316d1882bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1882, encryptionId=316d1882bc, topicName=ACS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541731, encodeId=fa741541e319b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bcd61e458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DOACs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6174, encryptionId=1bcd61e458, topicName=DOACs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=589613322424, createdName=12498474m34暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375831, encodeId=84e23e583102, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eokfrdL6VEEXs0gPVxEhzWXMfZ748icyJ29qyfm2JM0A68qN7icXJ1a5aX0BEAVEcy5oGh2hLqNSLlQ/132, createdBy=0a812249009, createdName=Spir, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 23:13:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375809, encodeId=8a893e580943, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 08:04:28 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375797, encodeId=f5653e579781, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 05:13:30 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-25 Spir

    学习了,谢谢

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951014, encodeId=b1021951014f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72078190803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81908, encryptionId=72078190803, topicName=肥胖患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Thu Sep 03 09:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1268215, encodeId=130f12682154d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279336, encodeId=4a0412e933626, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=316d1882bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1882, encryptionId=316d1882bc, topicName=ACS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541731, encodeId=fa741541e319b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bcd61e458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DOACs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6174, encryptionId=1bcd61e458, topicName=DOACs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=589613322424, createdName=12498474m34暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375831, encodeId=84e23e583102, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eokfrdL6VEEXs0gPVxEhzWXMfZ748icyJ29qyfm2JM0A68qN7icXJ1a5aX0BEAVEcy5oGh2hLqNSLlQ/132, createdBy=0a812249009, createdName=Spir, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 23:13:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375809, encodeId=8a893e580943, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 08:04:28 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375797, encodeId=f5653e579781, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 05:13:30 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-25 天地飞扬

    学习了,谢谢

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951014, encodeId=b1021951014f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72078190803' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肥胖患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81908, encryptionId=72078190803, topicName=肥胖患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Thu Sep 03 09:38:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1268215, encodeId=130f12682154d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279336, encodeId=4a0412e933626, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=316d1882bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1882, encryptionId=316d1882bc, topicName=ACS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541731, encodeId=fa741541e319b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bcd61e458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DOACs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6174, encryptionId=1bcd61e458, topicName=DOACs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=589613322424, createdName=12498474m34暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Nov 26 12:38:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375831, encodeId=84e23e583102, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eokfrdL6VEEXs0gPVxEhzWXMfZ748icyJ29qyfm2JM0A68qN7icXJ1a5aX0BEAVEcy5oGh2hLqNSLlQ/132, createdBy=0a812249009, createdName=Spir, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 23:13:47 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375809, encodeId=8a893e580943, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 08:04:28 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375797, encodeId=f5653e579781, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 05:13:30 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-25 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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Am J Resp Crit Care:超越BMI的范围去理解肥胖哮喘

儿童哮喘和肥胖症对公共卫生构成重大挑战,影响到世界各地数百万儿童。在美国约9%的儿童患有哮喘,约30%超重或肥胖。大量流行病学证据表明,肥胖是儿童哮喘和哮喘发病率增加的一个危险因素。

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