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Nat Commun:太狡猾!癌细胞建立“密道”躲过免疫治疗!

2018-09-27 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

利用免疫系统来治疗癌症对当前临床抗肿瘤拥有巨大的应用前景,但对于许多使用此技术的患者来说,这种反应并不能持续发挥作用。 为了找出这其中的原因,Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心的科学家正在使用一种新技术来研究癌细胞如何躲避免疫治疗。该研究团队的最新成果发表于《Nature Communications》杂志。

导  读

利用免疫系统来治疗癌症对当前临床抗肿瘤拥有巨大的应用前景,但对于许多使用此技术的患者来说,这种反应并不能持续发挥作用。 为了找出这其中的原因,Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心的科学家正在使用一种新技术来研究癌细胞如何躲避免疫治疗。该研究团队的最新成果发表于《Nature Communications》杂志。

首次治疗后肿瘤复发现象十分常见

Paulson领衔的研究团队使用一种新开发的方法来测量单个细胞中的分子,以深入分析Merkel细胞癌患者对联合免疫治疗的反应,他们使用的Merkel细胞癌是一种由常见病毒引起的罕见皮肤癌。

Kelly Paulson表示,“20%的Merkel细胞患者对免疫治疗有初步反应,但随后便会出现复发的情况,这其中的机制令科研人员和临床医生十分费解。为了了解复发的具体机制,他们能够设计出了能够对肿瘤实现长期控制的免疫疗法,使癌症治疗更有效”。

Paulson和和她的助理Aude Chapuis博士研究了最初对联合疗法有临床效果的两名患者的癌细胞,对两种患者的疗法结合了检查点抑制剂来加速免疫系统对肿瘤识别能力,并联合采用了T细胞疗法杀死癌细胞。



该团队惊奇的发现,这两位患者的肿瘤几乎完全消失了!Paulson惊喜地说道 ,“肿瘤逐渐缩小,当他们进行活组织检查时,发现T细胞确实进入了肿瘤组织内部,并最终杀灭癌细胞。这一研究成果令人兴奋,患者也恢复的很好”!

不久,第一位患者出现了复发情况,并且发展很快,经过活组织检查,这种癌细胞还转移到了其他地方。在第二名患者中,此肿瘤仅在原有位置复发,但其仍受到控制,并没有进一步扩散。

在这两名患者中,尚不清楚是何种机制导致了复发。Paulson与华盛顿大学Paul Nghiem博士及Fred Hutch研究所的Jason Bielas博士一同使用一种称为单细胞RNA测序的技术,密切关注在接受免疫治疗时肿瘤T细胞内的分子变化及所在肿瘤微环境的变化。



对现有抗复发疗法启示巨大

他们发现,肿瘤能够通过沉默能够被T细胞识别的蛋白的编码基因进而实现肿瘤的免疫躲避。人类白细胞抗原(HLA)的三组基因通常全部同时关闭或打开。传统测序方法是将HLA作为一组基因来检测,这使得该组基因只要出现一个基因被关闭便不可被检测到。但最新的单细胞RNA测序显示,HLA三组基因只要其中一个被关闭,那么肿瘤细胞就能躲避T细胞的查杀。

为了验证这一结果,该研究团队重新培养了这些患者的癌细胞。最终的结果可以告诉我们为了避免肿瘤复发我们应该使用何种免疫联合疗法。

Paulson 表示,“这绝对是一种启示。虽然不清除这些病人的癌细胞到底发生了什么变化导致其肿瘤的复发。但现在我们能够正确的认识这其中的关键机制,将来借此机制必定会产生相应的应对措施,防止患者肿瘤的复发”。


原始出处:Paulson KG, Voillet V, McAfee MS, et al. Acquired cancer resistance to combination immunotherapy from transcriptional loss of class I HLA. Nat Commun. 2018 Sep 24;9(1):3868. 

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    2019-05-21 liuli5079
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    2018-11-26 liye789132251
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    2018-09-29 yxch36
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    2018-09-28 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-09-27 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-09-27 orangesking

    0

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