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梨形心、靴形心、烧瓶心 :这也样看平片,想不会都难

2022-03-19 华夏影像诊断中心 华夏影像诊断中心

一文读懂!

正常的心脏形状及内部结构

 

图片

 

正常心脏形态分为 3 大类,观察正常呼吸下的标准正位胸片上心脏的轴线与人体纵轴的垂直线构成的角度

 

斜位心脏(最常见) 45度角左右
垂直位心脏 明显大于45度角
横位心脏 明显小于45度角的

 

当然会有个体肥瘦的变异和呼吸与体位的差异,都可以影响其形态构成的因素。不过不管如何变异,它都是属于正常范畴之内的心脏形态。

图片

正常胸部 X 线平片(后前位)

 

正常胸部解剖结构及后前位胸片如上图所示。*心胸比率=心脏横径/经右侧膈肌顶端测量的胸廓内壁横径,即 (a1+a2)/b ,正常值为 0.44±0.03,且不超过 0.5。心胸比率在 0.51-0.55 时,为轻度增大;0.56-0.60 为中度增大;大于 0.6 则为重度增大。

病理性心脏形态
01 梨形心
 

图片

图:正常心脏 VS 梨形心

 

又称二尖瓣型心。肺动脉段凸出及心尖上翘,主动脉结节缩小或正常,状如梨形。多见于右心负荷或以其为主的心腔变化。常见疾病有二尖瓣病变、房间隔缺损、肺动脉瓣狭窄、肺动脉高压和肺心病等。

 

图片

图:梨形心,左房、右室扩大,肺动脉段突出(箭头示),肺纹理增粗

 

顺口溜巧记「二人吃梨不让梨,心胸狭窄」

 

0 2 靴形心
 

图片

图:正常心脏 VS 靴型心

 

又称为主动脉型心。心脏浊音界向左下扩大,心腰部由钝角变为近似直角,使心浊音界呈靴形,因其常见于主动脉关闭不全,也可见于主动脉瓣狭窄,也可见于高血压性心脏病、法洛四联症。胸片特点为:主动脉结增大,心腰凹陷,心尖下移、隆突并向左增大。是多种原因引起左心室肥大的共同表现。

 

图片

图:靴型心,肺动脉段凹陷,主动脉结增宽(箭头),心尖明显左移

顺口溜巧记「非(肺动脉)常狭隘,自我凹陷」

0 3 普大心

 

图片

图:正常心脏 VS 普大心

 

「心脏普遍扩大」的简称,它是心脏外形的一种表现,通过心脏X线检查或心脏叩诊可以确定。“普大心”意味着心室和心房均有明显的扩张,见于全心衰、心肌炎、心包积液,胸片特点为:各房室均增大。多由左右心室、心房同时扩大或者心包内渗出、心影呈烧瓶样扩张所致。

 

顺口溜巧记「一心向外,主动穿靴」

 

图片

图:普大型心,左右心房、心室均扩大,肺动脉段平直

 

图片

图:普大型心,该例为心包积液,心胸比率约 0.64

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-23 ms3000000863787011

    学到了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-21 ms7000000745728810

    很好的学习

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-20 ms9000001682530033

    实用

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-20 医者仁者

    🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-20 ms4000001739841053

    不错

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205091, encodeId=816c1205091f9, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c6e6546215, createdName=ms3000000863787011, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 01:06:33 CST 2022, time=2022-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204524, encodeId=07ac1204524d2, content=很好的学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e076488708, createdName=ms7000000745728810, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 08:06:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204481, encodeId=a68e12044814c, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38846511137, createdName=ms9000001682530033, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 23:02:24 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204274, encodeId=e29d12042e495, content=🥬🍉🍅🍎🍎🍊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 10:19:36 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204235, encodeId=949012042356c, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:25:14 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204234, encodeId=ca171204234da, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 07:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-20 学医无涯

    学习一下

    0

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