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Sci Transl Med:新型肾病综合征靶标STUB-1蛋白的发现

2017-12-10 ReductionC 医学方

作者证实,STUB1的增加可以预防血栓的形成,但不会延长肾脏疾病小鼠模型的出血表征,为我们提示了一种新的可行的针对肾病患者的抗血栓治疗方法。

一、简介

本周分享的文献是11月22日刚刚出炉的在《Science Transtional Medicine》上发表的题为“Targeting STUB1–tissue factor axis normalizes hyperthrombotic uremic phenotype without increasing bleeding risk”,这个工作是波士顿大学医学院Vipul C.Chitalia课题组完成的。Vipul C.Chitalia的团队今年刚刚发现了一种新角色蛋白——c-Cbl,它可能能够使得β-catenin蛋白降解,从而使大肠癌患者受益。紧接其后这篇文章发现了一种名为STUB1蛋白的新型潜在的治疗靶点。作者证实,STUB1的增加可以预防血栓的形成,但不会延长肾脏疾病小鼠模型的出血表征,为我们提示了一种新的可行的针对肾病患者的抗血栓治疗方法。

二、背景

对患有慢性肾病(CKD/尿毒症)患者的治疗往往会出现很多问题,因为他们不仅血管血栓形成风险增加,而且在使用抗凝剂治疗时更容易出现并发症。虽然目前已经确定了吲哚类尿毒症溶质和芳香烃受体(AHR)与血栓形成相关因子(组织因子TF)的相关性,但是依然并不能完全解释CKD驱动的血栓形成以及之后导致的出血风险的具体机制。

三、结果与方法

1、吲哚盐酸盐在CKD中以AHR和TF依赖性方式介导超血栓尿毒症表型的形成

作者创建了一种能够概括高血栓尿毒症表型的溶质特异性的动物模型。首先基于吲哚型盐酸盐能够加强血栓形成的假设,作者开发了一种动物方案,并使用AHR衰变测定法检查了接受吲哚盐酸盐以及丙磺舒的小鼠的血管中的AHR活化情况,这些数据显示血管壁中吲哚盐酸盐浓度的增加足以使暴露于吲哚盐酸盐以及丙磺舒的小鼠的AHR-TF信号传导被激活。确认了动物血管壁中AHR-TF关系后,作者又使用了FeCl3损伤以及光损伤后血栓形成模型检测了颈动脉血栓形成。综合上述结果,都表明了吲哚盐酸盐能够横跨整个CKD谱介导高血栓性尿毒症形成。

2、AHR通过STUB1(TF的泛素连接酶)调节TF

基于上述数据我们知道吲哚盐酸盐是高血栓性尿毒症表型的强有力因素,于是作者进一步探讨了IS诱导的AHR/TF变化的机制。发现,STUB1,泛素连接酶和AHR相互作用,介导并影响的IS/AHR对TF的调节。竞争性AHR拮抗剂使TF表达减少80%(从1.0增加到0.21),而在STUB1沉默的情况下TF表达仅减少30%(从2.7增加到1.98)。STUB1敲除结果以及STUB1突变体H260Q的WB结果也共同表明了STUB1介导TF泛素化,AHR拮抗剂通过STUB1增加TF下调。

3、依赖尿毒症的STUB1-TF相互作用是动态的

泛素化是一个非线性过程,由一系列复杂的指叉式步骤组成,包括泛素激活,偶联和泛素部分向目标分子的转移。这个过程需要连接酶和其假定目标之间的精确和动态的相互作用。作者通过免疫共沉淀、体外结合、免疫荧光并结合AHR拮抗剂给药后的结果表明,尿毒症减少了STUB1-TF的相互作用并稳定了TF,并且AHR拮抗剂迅速恢复了这种相互作用。此外,STUB1和TF的相互作用位点也证实了上述的结合模式。

4、STUB1-TF在人体组织中的关系是有赖于尿毒症的发生

之前有研究表明人体血管组织中STUB1-TF是动态相互作用和调节的。根据这些数据,作者假设尿毒症环境中STUB1和TF之间呈反比关系,并开发了一个对象级强度估计算法来量化TF和STUB1表达式。结果显示,AVFs壁中的血管平滑肌中TF和STUB1表达负相关。于是作者进一步假定吲哚盐酸盐诱导的血管平滑肌中STUB1-TF相互作用减少很可能减少了尿毒症血管壁中的STUB1-TF共定位。并运用一个像素级分析的定制共定位算法比较了人类尿毒症血管中STUB1-TF共定位和非CKD患者的血管。结果显示,尿毒症中STUB1-TF的共定位比非人血管降低了近50%。总之,这些结果表明STUB1与TF的相互作用是直接且动态的。

5、STUB1调控介入后血栓形成

使用流动回路系统(一种经过验证的介入性血栓形成模型)检查了STUB1对血栓形成的影响。结果表明STUB1的这些基因和药理学操纵在衬砌流动环的血管平滑肌细胞中始终表现以细胞类型特异性方式通过STUB1调节血栓形成。

6、IS-AHR-STUB1调节在不改变止血的情况下将高血栓性尿毒症表型逆转为非CKD

作者接下来使用吲哚溶质特异性动物模型研究增强的STUB1是否抑制体内超高血栓性尿毒症环境,结果表明,通过STUB1的TF降低将超级血栓性尿毒症表型降低至非CKD范围。由于溶质特异性动物模型部分地概括了尿毒症表型,所以这些结果需要在建立的CKD模型中进一步验证。这两个独立模型,都强烈地表明CKD是一种高血栓形成的环境,并且尿毒症引起的血栓形成被标准化到非CKD范围,也伴随着AHR-STUB1的调节。接着,作者使用标准尾静脉横切模型对上述药物的抗血栓形成作用与出血风险进行权衡。综合数据表明,与肝素不同,STUB1调节会将吲哚盐酸盐介导的高表达型变更为非血管性表型,而不增加出血风险。

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    2018-09-01 bsmagic9140
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    2017-12-12 zhaojie88
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    2017-12-11 wzb521zf

    一起学习一下

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