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额叶占位性病变合并出血、硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下血肿、脑疝、癫痫患者典型病例1例

2022-09-05 ANDs 神经时讯

脑肿瘤卒中是指脑肿瘤在生长过程中由于多种因素而发生的肿瘤出血,其常侵及周围脑组织形成颅内血肿或蛛网膜下腔出血。脑肿瘤卒中在临床上并不少见,它约占同期所有颅内出血的1%~10%,

基本情况

患者男性,57岁。

主诉:突发头痛伴右侧肢体活动障碍4 h。

现病史:4 h前患者无明显诱因突发头痛,伴头晕、右侧肢体活动障碍,伴恶心、呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物,意识逐渐由清醒转为昏迷,伴小便失禁,无肢体抽搐等,自行口服“氨氯地平片2片”,效果不佳,急送我院急诊科就诊,行头颅CT检查示:1.左侧额叶区肿瘤合并出血?硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血;2.左侧眼眶内结节,性质待定。建议结合临床,必要时行MRI进一步检查。门诊以“脑出血”收入我科。发病后患者神志嗜睡,未进饮食,未解大便,小便1次,近期体重未见明显改变。

既往史:否认结核、疟疾等传染病史及密切接触史。患“心脏病”病史6年余,行“支架植入术”,术后恢复可,规律口服“阿司匹林肠溶片”。“癫痫”病史6年,口服“卡马西平”治疗。患“高血压病”病史5年余,最高血压160/100 mmHg,口服“氨氯地平片、阿司匹林”,血压控制在140/90 mmHg左右。否认“糖尿病”病史,否认“脑血管疾病”病史。否认“输血”史。否认外伤史。否认药物过敏史。否认食物过敏史。预防接种史随当地计划免疫。

个人史:生长于原籍。初中文化。否认外地长期居住史。否认疫区、疫水接触史。否认工业毒物、粉尘及放射性物质接触史。无牧区、矿山、高氟区、低碘区居住史。平日生活规律,无吸毒史。有吸烟嗜好,吸烟20年,每日约10支,已戒烟,戒除6年。无饮酒嗜好。否认冶游史。

入院检查

体格检查:发育正常,营养良好,平车推入病房,检查欠合作。眼球活动不配合,双侧瞳孔不等大,直径约左:右=6 mm:4 mm,对光反应迟钝,粗测双眼视力不配合;颈软,气管居中,双肺呼吸音粗,两肺底未闻及干湿性啰音;心前区无隆起,心律齐,心率92次/分,各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音,脉搏规则。腹部平坦、柔软,无压痛及反跳痛;肝、脾肋缘下未触及,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音约3次/分。肛门、外生殖器未见异常。脊柱生理弯曲存在。

实验室检查:血常规、肝肾功能及凝血功能均基本正常。

神经系统专科检查:神志昏迷,语言不配合;记忆力、计算力、理解判断力、定向力检查不配合;直径约左:右=6 mm:4 mm,对光反应迟钝,双侧眼球各向运动不配合,双侧咀嚼肌咬合不配合,双侧面纹基本对称,口角无偏斜,伸舌不配合,粗测双耳听力不配合,咽反射不配合,构音不清晰,耸肩转颈不配合;颈软,克氏征、布氏征阴性;深、浅感觉检查未见明显异常,左侧肢体肌力4级+,右侧肢体肌力2级,肌张力正常;双侧巴氏征阳性。Hunt-hess分级:3级,Fisher分级:3级,mRS评分:4分(院前),NIHSS评分:15分。

辅助检查:颅脑平扫,血肿量54 ml。脑动脉CTA,胸部平扫。肿瘤钙化明显,强化不明显。

入院检查

诊断

初步诊断:1.左侧额叶占位性病变合并出血、硬膜下血肿、蛛网膜下血肿、脑疝;2.癫痫;3.高血压2级,很高危;4.冠心病PCI术后;5.左侧眼眶内占位。

诊断依据:患者中老年男性,突发起病,根据既往病史,及头痛伴右侧肢体活动障碍等临床表现,昏迷等阳性体征,入院头部CT检查,支持目前诊断。

鉴别诊断

1.胶质瘤:可发于任何年龄,多见颅内压增高症状,神经压迫症状,多为单发,平扫CT可见等密度或低密度病变,周围水肿明显,增强扫面可见不规则强化。平扫MRI多表现为边界欠清的占位病变,周围有水肿带,增强扫描强化程度不等。

2.转移瘤:多为老年患者,多数可以找到原发病灶,有原发病灶的症状体征,影像表现为多发占位,大小不一,MRI平扫多为长T1长T2信号,边界较清楚,周围有水肿带,增强扫描可见环状、结节状强化。

3.脑膜瘤:多见于成年人,女性多发,症状主要表现为头痛,局部神经压迫症状,高颅压症状,影像学表现:CT可见等密度占位,周围水肿明显,增强扫描时可见均匀一致强化,边界明显,可见脑膜尾征;MRI可见基本等T1、T2边界清楚病灶,增强扫描时可见均一强化。囊性脑膜瘤可见囊性变区。该患者此诊断可能性大。

治疗

诊疗计划:给予脱水降颅压及对症支持治疗;急诊手术治疗,术后予脑血疏口服液1支tid,促进残余血肿吸收。

治疗经过

2021-03-08急诊行“左侧额叶占位切除术+颅内血肿清除术+骨瓣复位术”。

病理结果见病理报告。

病理报告

2021-03-08术后6 h(用药前0 d)CT示:血肿量约7 ml。患者体温不高,生命体征平稳,自主呼吸良好,拔除气管插管,呼吸情况良好。查体:神志模糊,精神差,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3.0 mm,对光反应灵敏,双侧额纹、鼻唇沟基本对称,颈软,气管居中。双肺呼吸音粗,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音。四肢有自主活动,左侧肢体肌力4级+,右侧肢体肌力2级,肌张力正常。双侧巴氏征阳性,克氏征、布氏征阴性。

术后6 h CT影像 

用药后2 d CT示:血肿量约5 ml。患者诉头痛较前减轻,无恶心、呕吐。查体:生命体征稳定,神志清,精神可,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3.0 mm,对光反应灵敏,双侧额纹、鼻唇沟基本对称,颈软,气管居中。双肺呼吸音粗,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音。四肢有自主活动,左侧肢体肌力4级+,右侧肢体肌力3级-,肌张力正常。双侧巴氏征阳性,克氏征、布氏征阴性。

用药后2 d CT影像 

用药后7 d CT示:血肿量约1 ml。患者一般情况可,未诉特殊不适。查体:神志清,精神可,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3.0 mm,对光反应灵敏,双侧额纹、鼻唇沟基本对称,颈软,气管居中。双肺呼吸音粗,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音。四肢有自主活动,左侧肢体肌力5级,右侧肢体肌力3级+,肌张力正常。双侧巴氏征阳性,克氏征、布氏征阴性。

用药后7 d CT影像 

用药后10 d MRI示:血肿量约0.5 ml。患者一般情况可。查体:头部切口敷料已脱落,切口愈合良好,神志清,精神可,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3.0 mm,对光反应灵敏,双侧额纹、鼻唇沟基本对称,颈软,气管居中。双肺呼吸音粗,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音。四肢有自主活动,左侧肢体肌力5级,右侧肢体肌力4级,肌张力正常。双侧巴氏征阳性,克氏征、布氏征阴性。

用药后10 d MRI影像 

出院情况:患者一般情况可。查体:头部切口敷料已脱落,切口愈合良好,神志清,精神可,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径约3.0 mm,对光反应灵敏,双侧额纹、鼻唇沟基本对称,颈软,气管居中。双肺呼吸音粗,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音。四肢有自主活动,左侧肢体肌力5级,右侧肢体肌力4级,肌张力正常。双侧巴氏征阳性,克氏征、布氏征阴性。影像学提示术腔、硬膜下血肿及蛛网膜下腔出血明显吸收。

根据患者病情较前明显好转,生命体征平稳,头部CT提示颅内血肿明显吸收,家属要求出院于家里疗养,出院,带药脑血疏口服液继续服用持续1~3个月。

病例讨论

脑肿瘤卒中是指脑肿瘤在生长过程中由于多种因素而发生的肿瘤出血,其常侵及周围脑组织形成颅内血肿或蛛网膜下腔出血。脑肿瘤卒中在临床上并不少见,它约占同期所有颅内出血的1%~10%,而严重的颅内出血源于肿瘤的至少占10%。

该病例为中老年男性,急性起病,病情严重,进展迅速,由清醒至昏迷,活动状态发病,有神经系统缺损体征,及头颅CT提示肿瘤卒中,出血量大,同时存在脑疝形成。该患者手术过程顺利,关键在于术后管理,术腔、硬膜下血肿及蛛网膜下腔出血部分血肿残留,给予脑血疏口服液药物治疗,促进血肿快速吸收,使患者术后快速恢复健康,减少住院时间,减轻病患经济负担。临床工作观察中,脑血疏口服液安全、有效,同时药物为液体,可予口服及鼻饲,无论清醒及昏迷患者均可服用,方便。另该病例也提示,脑血疏口服液不仅仅对原发性、创伤性脑出血有效,对脑肿瘤卒中的患者同样有效。

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009246, encodeId=1c7a20092465c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a35e15712e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癫痫患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71571, encryptionId=1a35e15712e, topicName=癫痫患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2054181, encodeId=4edc205418146, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39e8e362693' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬膜下#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73626, encryptionId=39e8e362693, topicName=硬膜下)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f6142500060, createdName=12498710m11暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Jan 28 12:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1654532, encodeId=8340165453282, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ab788e81d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛛网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88781, encryptionId=5ab788e81d3, topicName=蛛网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=396c24497244, createdName=aliceclz, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 03:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1394997, encodeId=e90a139499e1b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be548989e09' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89897, encryptionId=be548989e09, topicName=血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85df2500173, createdName=654699882_84926986, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1419928, encodeId=01a9141992840, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3951e36293b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬膜下血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73629, encryptionId=3951e36293b, topicName=硬膜下血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b293545002, createdName=lizhou0205, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517572, encodeId=3ce9151e5727a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08dbe042428' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70424, encryptionId=08dbe042428, topicName=疝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5b7011086586, createdName=ms4657536712156177, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623715, encodeId=3cbb1623e1568, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=805d8494208' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑疝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84942, encryptionId=805d8494208, topicName=脑疝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=xinxin088, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-18 aliceclz
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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009246, encodeId=1c7a20092465c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a35e15712e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癫痫患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71571, encryptionId=1a35e15712e, topicName=癫痫患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2054181, encodeId=4edc205418146, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39e8e362693' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬膜下#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73626, encryptionId=39e8e362693, topicName=硬膜下)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f6142500060, createdName=12498710m11暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Jan 28 12:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1654532, encodeId=8340165453282, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ab788e81d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛛网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88781, encryptionId=5ab788e81d3, topicName=蛛网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=396c24497244, createdName=aliceclz, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 03:45:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1394997, encodeId=e90a139499e1b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be548989e09' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89897, encryptionId=be548989e09, topicName=血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85df2500173, createdName=654699882_84926986, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1419928, encodeId=01a9141992840, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3951e36293b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬膜下血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73629, encryptionId=3951e36293b, topicName=硬膜下血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b293545002, createdName=lizhou0205, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517572, encodeId=3ce9151e5727a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08dbe042428' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70424, encryptionId=08dbe042428, topicName=疝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5b7011086586, createdName=ms4657536712156177, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623715, encodeId=3cbb1623e1568, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=805d8494208' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑疝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84942, encryptionId=805d8494208, topicName=脑疝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=xinxin088, createdTime=Sun Nov 07 09:45:58 CST 2021, time=2021-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-07 xinxin088

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