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恶性黑色素瘤右室转移1例

2018-05-18 程颖颖 黄安茜 包凌云 医学影像学杂志

患者女,78岁。因“胸闷胸痛12天,黑色素瘤术后10年”入院。

【一般资料】

患者女,78岁。

【主诉】

因“胸闷胸痛12天,黑色素瘤术后10年”入院。

【现病史】

10年前,左手拇指曾行“结节切除术”,病理证实“恶性黑色素瘤”,5年前因“心绞痛”行冠状动脉造影,未植入支架。

【体格检查】

前胸壁可见多个黑色结节,深入皮下,结节周围皮肤破溃出血,质韧,伴局部疼痛。心电图示房颤

【辅助检查】

胸部CT显示:两肺及双侧胸膜可见散在多发大小不等结节状密度增高影,较大者位于右肺上叶、分叶状,大小约37mm×27mm,增强扫描呈轻度强化;胸壁皮下见多发结节影(图1)。腹部CT示:肝内多发结节样低密度影,边界欠清,增强扫描呈稍低环形强化,较大者直径约16mm。经胸超声心动图示:双房增大,右室心尖近室间隔处可见一偏高回声团,大小约19mm×19mm(图2),边界尚可辨,内部未见明显血流信号。首先考虑占位性病变。心脏声学造影:右室内可见充盈缺损,形态欠规整,周边于室间隔及右室壁分界不清,大小约2.1mm×15mm(图3),肿块增强与心肌无明显差异。







【治疗】

既往常规心脏超声未发现右室病变,可明确右室内为新发黑色素瘤转移灶。因患者较年长,一般情况较差,内科予以相应对症治疗,皮肤科对胸壁出血较多肿块行部分切除(图4),未进行进一步化疗等治疗,1周后自动出院。



【讨论】

恶性黑色素瘤是一种来源于恶性程度较高的产黑色素细胞的肿瘤,近年来发病率逐年升高,占皮肤恶性肿瘤的7%~20%,占所有恶性肿瘤的1%~2%。恶性黑色素瘤主要发病部位在皮肤,在生殖道、消化道、鼻腔等黏膜组织中较少发生。目前,黑色素瘤的病因未完全阐明,研究提示与遗传基因和环境刺激相关,如日照时间、人种及是否有家族史等因素。患者可早期发生血液及淋巴转移,恶性程度较大,较多累及肝、肺及肾上腺等器官,部分患者累及心脏。大部分转移性恶性黑色素瘤位于心肌内,可以累及心脏所有结构,右心系统更常见,心瓣膜非常少见。大部分患者发现心脏累及时,同时伴其他脏器累及,如本例患者合并肝、肺转移及胸壁多发转移。心脏声学造影应用于心脏占位的显示及鉴别,尤其是占位与心腔血栓鉴别。也有研究表明,心脏声学造影协助判断心脏占位性病变的性质,对比剂微泡在微循环的浓度代表该部位组织的血流灌注状况,外周静脉注射对比剂后,由于血栓的无滋养血管特性,在造影背景下,血栓显示出完全的充盈缺损,而肿瘤根据其良恶性不同、滋养血管多少的不同,表现出不同程度的对比剂增强特点。对于恶性肿瘤病史的患者,超声造影相对安全,无辐射,可以作为常规筛查手段。

原始出处:

程颖颖, 黄安茜, 包凌云. 恶性黑色素瘤右室转移1例[J]. 医学影像学杂志, 2017, 27(4):739-739.

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    2018-10-12 sunylz
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680527, encodeId=9350168052e8c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 11:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558899, encodeId=4da6155889970, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Sun May 20 11:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564908, encodeId=b73c1564908f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Sun May 20 11:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316397, encodeId=cdaf31639e7f, content=不错的文章值得拥有哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri May 18 21:49:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316390, encodeId=4cb231639014, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Fri May 18 21:18:38 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-05-18 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0

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    2018-05-18 紫迎馨

    关注

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