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JAMA Surg:美国外科手术阿片药物使用调查

2017-04-14 MedSci MedSci原创

新的持续性阿片类药物使用可认为是一种常见的、先前被低估的外科手术神经并发症。

含阿片类药物处方常常用于长期疼痛的治疗,很少有人研究手术后持续使用阿片类药物的影响因素。研究人员近日针对外科后持续使用阿片类药物的影响因素开展工作。

研究涉及的外科手术包括小手术,例如静脉曲张切除,腹腔镜胆囊切除术,腹腔镜阑尾切除术、痔切除术,经尿道前列腺电切术、甲状旁腺切除术,以及腕管切除术等;大手术,例如腹壁切口疝修补术、结肠切除术、胃食管反流手术,减肥手术和子宫切除术等。然后,研究者评估患者持续性阿片类药物使用情况。

研究共包含患者36177人,其中小手术患者29068人(80.3%),大手术患者7109人(19.7%);平均年龄44.6岁(SD 11.9),女性23913(66.1%),白人26091(72.1%)。小手术或大手术造成的新增持续性阿片类药物使用分别为5.9%、6.5%,而非手术组为0.4%;导致新增持续性阿片类药物使用的独立因素包括吸烟(aOR 13.5;95% CI,1.21-1.49),酒精和药物滥用(aOR 1.34;95% CI,1.05-1.72),心理障碍(aOR 1.15; 95% CI,1.01-1.30),焦虑(aOR 1.25; 95% CI,1.10-1.42),疼痛疾病(背痛aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.42-1.75; 颈部疼痛: aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.39; 关节痛: aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.40-1.73; 其他疼痛: aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.54)。

外科手术后阿片类药物的使用是常见的,但大小手术对阿片类药物的使用增加没有影响,反而取决于患者的术前行为和疼痛相关障碍。这表明药物的使用不是由于手术导致的疼痛而是某些病人可预测的因素导致的。新的持续性阿片类药物使用可认为是一种常见的、先前被低估的手术神经并发症。

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