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Sci Transl Med :科学家开发自体免疫疾病新疗法

2014-06-19 佚名 新华网

18日,美国国家卫生研究院科学家说,他们开发出对自体免疫疾病的一种新疗法,可在动物体内诱导出有效抑制致病炎症细胞、而不会影响正常免疫反应的免疫调节细胞。如果这一技术能成功应用于人类,有可能帮助人类最终攻克自体免疫疾病。 人类有许多慢性病,像多发性硬化症、I型糖尿病和类风湿性关节炎,是由免疫系统以某种方式“滥杀无辜”引起的,这种免疫系统伤害自身组织和器官的疾病被称为自体免疫疾病。目前,自体免疫疾病尚

18日,美国国家卫生研究院科学家说,他们开发出对自体免疫疾病的一种新疗法,可在动物体内诱导出有效抑制致病炎症细胞、而不会影响正常免疫反应的免疫调节细胞。如果这一技术能成功应用于人类,有可能帮助人类最终攻克自体免疫疾病。

人类有许多慢性病,像多发性硬化症、I型糖尿病和类风湿性关节炎,是由免疫系统以某种方式“滥杀无辜”引起的,这种免疫系统伤害自身组织和器官的疾病被称为自体免疫疾病。目前,自体免疫疾病尚无法治愈,而现有的多数药物则无法区分正常免疫细胞和会发动自体攻击的免疫细胞,所以它们虽然可暂时缓解症状,但也消灭了抑制有害细菌和病毒所必需的正常免疫细胞,从长期看会让病人更脆弱。

研究负责人、美国国家卫生研究院黏膜免疫研究室主任陈万军表示,自体免疫疾病的一个共同的重要发病机理是,患者免疫系统的正常平衡被破坏,导致患者体内充斥着大量炎症细胞和因子。所以理论上最有效的治疗方法应该是,首先把这个已失去平衡、免疫反应过强的状态打破,然后再重新诱导免疫系统建立一个新的秩序,即恢复正常的平衡状态,让免疫细胞对自己的组织和器官耐受而不是破坏。“简单地说,基本原理就是‘打破一个旧世界,建立一个新世界’”。

陈万军等人采取的新方案是,首先诱导实验鼠的自身免疫细胞凋亡,让这些细胞被体内一种叫做巨噬细胞的吞噬细胞“吃掉”,之后巨噬细胞会产生一种重要的免疫调控抑制因子TGFβ。TGFβ在体内会形成一个免疫调控的微环境,在这种微环境下再注射一种蛋白多肽,去刺激新的未分化的“原始”或“处女”T细胞,这些T细胞在TGFβ占优势的微环境中,会分化成免疫调节T细胞,而不是破坏自身组织和器官的炎症细胞。

他说:“这些免疫调节细胞会进入相应的、有自身免疫病的组织和器官,防止和抑制破坏自身组织的免疫炎症细胞的产生或发挥功能,从而让疾病得到缓解甚至治愈。”

这一成果发表在美国《科学转化医学》杂志上。陈万军说,他们利用此技术对罹患多发性硬化症与I型糖尿病的小鼠进行治疗,让病鼠取得了长期缓解,接下来他们还将探索此技术在类风湿性关节炎治疗与异体器官移植排斥治疗等方面的应用前景。

他说,如果动物实验成功,“我们将和临床医生合作把这个技术用在自体免疫疾病病人的治疗上。尽管仍有很多困难和问题需要解决,但我们有信心最终会造福病人。我们不但要和美国医生合作,也希望有机会和中国医生合作”。

原始出处:

Shimpei Kasagi, Pin Zhang, Li Che, Brittany Abbatiello, Takashi Maruyama, Hiroko Nakatsukasa,Peter Zanvit, Wenwen Jin, Joanne E. Konkel, and WanJun Chen. In Vivo–Generated Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Treat Autoimmunity Without Compromising Antibacterial Immune Response. Sci Transl Med , 18 June 2014;

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    2015-03-04 bsmagic9140
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    2014-06-21 kcb074
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