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NPJ：热量限制为何能延长寿命？

2018-04-20 佚名 生物探索

热量限制延长寿命
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热量限制为什么能延长寿命？这是很多科学家团队一直在积极解决的问题。近日，发表在Nature子刊上的一项新成果找到了调控这一寿命延长效应的关键因素！

4月17日，发表在npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease上题为“Tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of Drosophila reveals roles for GATA transcription factors in longevity by dietary restriction”的研究中，来自伦敦大学学院的科学家们发现，通过限制“一组名为GATA转录因子（GATA transcription factors，GATA TF）的蛋白质的活性”能够延长果蝇的寿命。

GATA TFs是对小鼠和人类生长发育非常重要的一类蛋白质。该研究证实，“降低GATA TF的作用带来的益处”可与“通过饮食限制带来的寿命延长作用”相媲美。（饮食限制被定义为在不造成营养不良的前提下，减少特定或总营养物的摄入。）

论文的第一作者兼共同通讯作者Adam Dobson博士说：“先前已有大量研究表明，适度限制总热量的摄入能够延长小鼠和许多其他动物的寿命；同时，也有证据显示，一些进行热量限制的人保持年轻的时间更久。自1935年以来，科学家们就一直在寻找这一现象背后的分子生物学机制。”

该研究中，Dobson博士等调查了限制GATA TFs活性是如何延长果蝇寿命的，以及哪些组织对这一长寿效应至关重要。结果显示，限制一种被称为“serpent”的GATA TF的作用（特别是在果蝇的肠道和脂肪组织中）能够像采用饮食限制策略一样，使得果蝇寿命延长，且不对健康和生育产生负面影响。

此外，科学家们还调查了饮食限制在雌性果蝇的大脑、肠道、脂肪、肌肉和卵巢中是如何影响转录过程的。结果证实，GATA TFs很可能是不同组织中基因表达的调控因子。当研究人员在成年果蝇中降低这一转录因子的活性后，果蝇寿命得以延长。

作者们认为，这一发现为解释适度减少食物摄入如何预防多种与年龄相关的疾病提供了线索。接下来，他们计划调查GATA TFs在分子水平上的作用以及调控GATA TFs是否真的模拟了饮食限制引发的分子效应。
与热量限制相关的拓展阅读：

原始出处：

Adam J. Dobson et al. Tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of Drosophila reveals roles for GATA transcription factors in longevity by dietary restriction， npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease (2018). DOI： 10.1038/s41514-018-0024-4.

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    2018-04-22 ms9608593228839890

    #热量限制#

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    2018-04-22 hittouch

    #延长寿命#

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    2018-04-22 ms2536978994064944

    #热量#

    0

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    2018-04-20 sunfeifeiyang

    阅

    0

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    2018-04-20 329523732

    不错

    0

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近期，“热量限制延长寿命”的观点频频进入公众视野，但这背后的生物学机制科学家们仍然不清楚。10月26日，Cell Metabolism上的一项研究发现，热量限制能够通过调控线粒体网络、重构过氧化物酶体从而延长寿命。

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