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Cancer Discovery:找到耐药性结直肠癌弱点:WRN基因有望成为耐药性结直肠癌治疗新靶点

2021-06-01 “生物探索”公众号 “生物探索”公众号

DNA错配修复(dMMR)可以在DNA复制过程中识别和修复自发错配的碱基,微卫星不稳定性(MSI)是由dMMR受损引起的,是癌症中普遍存在的现象,全球每年有成千上万的MSI癌症被确诊,大约10-15%

DNA错配修复(dMMR)可以在DNA复制过程中识别和修复自发错配的碱基,微卫星不稳定性(MSI)是由dMMR受损引起的,是癌症中普遍存在的现象,全球每年有成千上万的MSI癌症被确诊,大约10-15%的散发性结直肠癌(CRC)显示出dMMR/MSI,这对患者的预后和治疗有重要意义。分子靶向治疗和化疗药物用于治疗dMMR结直肠癌患者,肿瘤演变和耐药性是导致结直肠癌患者治疗失败和死亡的主要原因。因此,尽管精准医学的进步已经使dMMR/MSI-H(高敏)结直肠癌患者的生存状况得到改善,但仍会产生耐药性。

Werner解旋酶(WRN)是dMMR/MSI-H癌症的合成致死靶点,在结直肠癌细胞系中具有很大比例的敏感性。WRN是DNA解旋酶RecQ家族的成员之一,在维持基因组稳定性、DNA修复、复制、转录和端粒维持方面发挥着重要但知之甚少的作用,需要综合评估WRN在结直肠癌耐药性中的作用。

近日,Wellcome Sanger研究所转化癌症基因学组的Mathew J Garnett博士在癌症领域顶级学术期刊 Cancer Discovery 发表了题为:Werner helicase is a synthetic-lethal vulnerability in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Targeted Therapies, Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy 的研究论文。

该研究在60个耐药性结直肠癌实验模型中进行了WRN基因敲除,证明WRN依赖性是耐药性结直肠癌的突出特征,显示了针对dMMR/MSI-H结直肠癌患者的WRN基因的治疗潜力,靶向WRN基因有望帮助开发治疗耐药性结直肠癌的新型靶向疗法。

在这项研究中,作者收集了迄今为止最大的dMMR结直肠癌临床前模型,包括来自原发肿瘤和转移病灶的60个独特模型(如癌细胞系和患者来源的3D器官培养)。通过CRISPR Cas9和/或RNA干扰WRN、克隆形成试验、基因和蛋白质表达分析、PCR和Western Blot实验,作者证实了抑制WRN具有致死效应,强烈支持将WRN作为治疗靶点和将dMMR作为患者分层的生物标志物。然而,dMMR/MSI-H结直肠癌存在一个罕见的亚型,这些亚型不依赖于WRN,并且可能对WRN靶向治疗无效。

为了验证已经产生耐药情况下的WRN依赖性,作者对多名来自双重或三重疗法耐药患者的细胞系进行WRN依赖性测试,发现WRN的敲除导致染色体异常,显着降低了癌细胞的生存率,表明无论肿瘤的突变背景和获得耐药性的治疗方案如何,对临床相关靶向治疗或化疗耐药的dMMR-CRC细胞仍然对WRN具有合成致死依赖性。

接下来作者使用多个患者来源的类器官模型来研究dMMR-CRC肿瘤对免疫治疗反应差是否依赖于WRN。发现CRC-12亲本类器官被自体肿瘤反应性T细胞杀死,但CRC-12-RES和CRC-12-B2M KO类器官不受免疫细胞的影响。WRN敲除抑制了亲代CRC-12类器官以及CRC-12-RES的活性,表明在对自体T细胞介导的细胞毒性不耐受的模型中保留了强烈的WRN依赖性。

总的来说,作者研究了在dMMR结直肠癌临床前模型中靶向WRN的治疗潜力,发现90%以上的模型都依赖于WRN,支持WRN作为dMMR/MSI-H肿瘤单一治疗或联合靶向药物、化疗或免疫治疗的靶点。

原始出处:

Gabriele Picco, Chiara Maria Cattaneo, Esmee J. van Vliet, et al. Werner helicase is a synthetic-lethal vulnerability in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Targeted Therapies, Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov April 9 2021 DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-1508.

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    2021-09-08 yahu
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    2021-06-03 JZ Yang

    WRN,与dMMR合成致死,可以治疗dMMR 耐药

    0

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    2021-06-02 ms3000001400255605

    学到了很多

    0

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    2021-06-02 lsndxfj
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    2021-06-02 yankaienglish

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