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为什么会得胆结石

2017-09-21 北京大学第三医院普通外科护师 霍天依 人民网-生命时报

近日秋风送爽,夏天正在悄悄离去,总结夏日的热门词汇,总少不了啤酒、烧烤、冰淇淋、减肥……在高频词汇的引导下,胆结石这一疾病也多了起来

近日秋风送爽,夏天正在悄悄离去,总结夏日的热门词汇,总少不了啤酒、烧烤、冰淇淋、减肥……在高频词汇的引导下,胆结石这一疾病也多了起来。相信大家对这个病并不陌生,但你真的了解它吗?今天我们就从以下几个问题着手了解胆结石。

1.胆囊有什么用?

人们常说“肝胆相照”,胆囊就藏在肝脏的后方,是一个形状像鸭梨一样的器官。它有一个可爱的小名叫做“胆汁仓库”,在我们不进食时,肝脏分泌出的胆汁就会储存并浓缩在胆囊内,当我们进食后需要消化时,胆汁再由胆囊排出,帮助脂肪的消化和吸收。另外,胆囊也会分泌黏液,保护胆道黏膜不受浓缩胆汁的侵蚀和溶解。

所以,胆囊并不产生胆汁,它只是胆汁的“小仓库”,哪怕因为胆结石被迫失去胆囊,我们并不会失去胆汁,它会继续帮助身体消化食物。当然,我们更不会像传言中说的,失去了胆囊就“没胆”而变得胆小,胆囊与胆量没有关系。

2.高危因素有什么?

胆结石种类很多,因位置不同可分为:胆囊结石、胆总管结石、肝内胆管结石。常说的“胆结石”一般多指胆囊结石。胆囊结石与多种因素有关:肥胖、妊娠、糖尿病、高血脂、胃肠手术、长期高脂肪饮食和不规律进食等都是胆囊结石的常见高危因素。性别方面,女性比男性更易得胆结石。

所以,我们要注意合理饮食,尽量按时、规律进餐,不能不吃早饭和节食减肥。又到了“贴秋膘”的时节,大家更应注意饮食均衡,避免大鱼大肉,以免增加结石风险。

3.怎么知道自己患病?

得了胆结石后,有一些患者不会出现任何症状,而有一些人会出现以下表现。如胆绞痛,即进食后出现剑突下及右上腹痛,很多人常误以为是胃痛。还可能出现黄疸,表现为皮肤及眼球发黄,出现此类症状很可能是出现了胆总管内结石,从而导致梗阻性黄疸。患者还可表现为恶心呕吐等。

当出现这些症状时,应及时就医,通过腹部B超检查可初步确诊。超声检查没有疼痛又便捷,是确诊的首选。

4.有啥严重后果?

一般来说,胆囊结石并不要紧,一些静息性的结石终身都没有症状,这种情况无需处理。但出现了结石症状甚至反复发作,我们建议早治疗。患者无需担心,单纯的胆囊结石并不可怕,通过治疗,很快就能恢复健康。

但如果不及时治疗,诱发感染,或者结石随胆汁跑到胆管中造成胆总管结石,处理起来就相对复杂了,若是结石随着胆汁反流进入胰腺,诱发胰腺炎就更加严重了。所以,得了胆囊结石要早处理,别让小结石惹出大乱子。

5.确诊后怎么办?

应请医生根据病情评估,对于一些没有症状的静息性结石,可先观察不用治疗。如需治疗,一般需要手术切除胆囊,或根据情况优先选择保胆取石的治疗方式。

现在的胆囊切除术已十分成熟,通过腹腔镜微创手术便可完成,手术后的小伤口用普通的创可贴就可遮盖得严严实实,既保证了安全,也保证了外表美观。

需要注意的是,胆结石与肾结石不同,不能通过体外碎石来治疗,另外,药物溶解排石也不适用于胆囊结石,因为这会增加结石流入胆道或胰腺的风险,进而造成更严重的疾病。所以,手术治疗是最好的选择。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351671, encodeId=5b323516e108, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160724/IMG5794947965DD66089.jpg, createdBy=fa631714605, createdName=如草, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 23:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=257285, encodeId=533d25e28506, content=手术.微创手术是不错的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Mon Oct 30 20:07:36 CST 2017, time=2017-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=248718, encodeId=a183248e1869, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Sep 29 07:22:52 CST 2017, time=2017-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246640, encodeId=d4db2466403d, content=是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Fri Sep 22 13:26:23 CST 2017, time=2017-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246329, encodeId=2078246329c3, content=谢谢分享.超厉害的说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 13:18:40 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246308, encodeId=a535246308ba, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 11:49:39 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-05 如草

    学习了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351671, encodeId=5b323516e108, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160724/IMG5794947965DD66089.jpg, createdBy=fa631714605, createdName=如草, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 23:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=257285, encodeId=533d25e28506, content=手术.微创手术是不错的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Mon Oct 30 20:07:36 CST 2017, time=2017-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=248718, encodeId=a183248e1869, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Sep 29 07:22:52 CST 2017, time=2017-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246640, encodeId=d4db2466403d, content=是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Fri Sep 22 13:26:23 CST 2017, time=2017-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246329, encodeId=2078246329c3, content=谢谢分享.超厉害的说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 13:18:40 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246308, encodeId=a535246308ba, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 11:49:39 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-30 wl1122050

    手术.微创手术是不错的选择

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351671, encodeId=5b323516e108, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160724/IMG5794947965DD66089.jpg, createdBy=fa631714605, createdName=如草, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 23:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=257285, encodeId=533d25e28506, content=手术.微创手术是不错的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Mon Oct 30 20:07:36 CST 2017, time=2017-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=248718, encodeId=a183248e1869, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Sep 29 07:22:52 CST 2017, time=2017-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246640, encodeId=d4db2466403d, content=是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Fri Sep 22 13:26:23 CST 2017, time=2017-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246329, encodeId=2078246329c3, content=谢谢分享.超厉害的说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 13:18:40 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=246308, encodeId=a535246308ba, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 11:49:39 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-29 周周人

    学习.

    0

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    2017-09-22 李东泽

    是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习.

    0

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    2017-09-21 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享.超厉害的说

    0

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    2017-09-21 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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