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基金:国自然申请立项依据的三大忌

2015-11-02 解螺旋.小米 解螺旋,医生科研助手

国自然申请马上要提到日程上来了,其中立项依据是能否通过的关键点。因为标书后面的所有内容,几乎都在立项问题的酝酿中形成的。必须有充分体现创新性的理由,然后才是在此基础上提出研究目标、内容和方案。 写立项依据要讲究化有形为无形。立项依据是基金申请书的重点。需要逻辑清晰,条理清楚,重点突出。立项依据也不宜过长或者过短,以描述清楚本申请课题的主要背景和意义、国际/国内学术界的研究进展、本研究组的

国自然申请马上要提到日程上来了,其中立项依据是能否通过的关键点。因为标书后面的所有内容,几乎都在立项问题的酝酿中形成的。必须有充分体现创新性的理由,然后才是在此基础上提出研究目标、内容和方案。


写立项依据要讲究化有形为无形。立项依据是基金申请书的重点。需要逻辑清晰,条理清楚,重点突出。立项依据也不宜过长或者过短,以描述清楚本申请课题的主要背景和意义、国际/国内学术界的研究进展、本研究组的相关前期工作、本研究方向存在的问题以及本申请课题要研究问题以及意义即可。

立项依据有三个重要基础:一是要有与拟申请项目研究内容有关的预实验结果,二是要提供对拟研究内容的研究思路,三是有文献基础,但是往往有人把握不住重点,弄巧成拙,尤其是以下几点提醒给位注意,请尽量避免。

一忌大话空话喊口号

长期以来,部分做科研的人开始使用新闻性的方法写立项依据。如:引经据典、使用热点词汇、大量使用形容词副词等修辞、做简单化解释等。同时大谈美好前景。这一特点甚至在很多论文中都能看到。其极端形式是:假大空。

不要从“大处落墨”,不要用学科的意义来“装点”你问题的意义,也不要陈述一般性的常识,也不要写决心书,满纸“豪言壮语”,如“为科学创新做贡献”,“为科学决策提供理论基础”,等等,这些都是大话和空话!

二忌文献罗列无主次

在立项依据里,最主要的内容是对研究现状的评述。千万不要把它写成研究者的姓名和标题的罗列,如XXX做了什么课题,YYY做了什么实验,ZZZ提出了什么方法……如此罗列,给人的感觉是,你只把相关文献的检索结果摘抄下来了,谁知道读了没有,读得怎样。那样的句子,不读文献也能写出来。

要将文献中的内容融会贯通有机地变成自己的依据,只须写与你的题目相关的东西,如提出什么方法或模型,能解决什么疑难。如果哪句话能随便放进别人甚至每个人的申请书里,那句话就该删除了。

三忌逻辑混乱无主线

文献的评述,应该放在问题的逻辑框架下,而不能是随意的读书笔记。每篇文献、每句话都要切合你的问题,以问题所涉及的内容、方法、结果和遗憾等等,来组织不同的文献,让前人的研究成果自然融入你对问题的阐述中。千万不要跟着文献索引走或者跟任何一篇文献的思路走——走自己的路,让文献退避到括号里面去吧!

总之,写文献评述时,要换一种角色,即使自己是后辈或小卒,也要挺起身子来站在巨人的肩上,假装为一个大师去指点江山,让那些文章看起来只不过是为了你现在的研究而做的准备,而现在,你这位主角要出场了!

最后,还要提醒一下,立项依据最好不要有过多的层次,如一、二、三、1,2,3, abc, 1.1.2.a等等。可以用几张彩色图来烘托气氛,增强功力。要特别重视对国内同行的相关工作的介绍,最好要有详实贴切的介绍。因为你的申请书有很大的可能落到他们的手中。一句“不了解同行的工作”就可能废了你的武功。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803680, encodeId=6b11180368043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c83e563067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立项依据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75630, encryptionId=2c83e563067, topicName=立项依据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42397, encodeId=68a04239e28, content=太好了,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58701660184, createdName=docterdw123, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42355, encodeId=93fb4235581, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151019/IMG5624E2925EB643108.jpg, createdBy=ddfd1657548, createdName=玥月, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 18:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42330, encodeId=72be42330ee, content=难呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42331, encodeId=79804233149, content=想想科研,五味杂陈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42332, encodeId=f4fd423329b, content=尽力吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=231, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803680, encodeId=6b11180368043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c83e563067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立项依据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75630, encryptionId=2c83e563067, topicName=立项依据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42397, encodeId=68a04239e28, content=太好了,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58701660184, createdName=docterdw123, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42355, encodeId=93fb4235581, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151019/IMG5624E2925EB643108.jpg, createdBy=ddfd1657548, createdName=玥月, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 18:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42330, encodeId=72be42330ee, content=难呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42331, encodeId=79804233149, content=想想科研,五味杂陈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42332, encodeId=f4fd423329b, content=尽力吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=231, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-03 docterdw123

    太好了,受益

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803680, encodeId=6b11180368043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c83e563067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立项依据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75630, encryptionId=2c83e563067, topicName=立项依据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42397, encodeId=68a04239e28, content=太好了,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58701660184, createdName=docterdw123, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42355, encodeId=93fb4235581, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151019/IMG5624E2925EB643108.jpg, createdBy=ddfd1657548, createdName=玥月, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 18:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42330, encodeId=72be42330ee, content=难呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42331, encodeId=79804233149, content=想想科研,五味杂陈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42332, encodeId=f4fd423329b, content=尽力吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=231, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-02 玥月

    受教

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803680, encodeId=6b11180368043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c83e563067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立项依据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75630, encryptionId=2c83e563067, topicName=立项依据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42397, encodeId=68a04239e28, content=太好了,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58701660184, createdName=docterdw123, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42355, encodeId=93fb4235581, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151019/IMG5624E2925EB643108.jpg, createdBy=ddfd1657548, createdName=玥月, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 18:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42330, encodeId=72be42330ee, content=难呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42331, encodeId=79804233149, content=想想科研,五味杂陈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42332, encodeId=f4fd423329b, content=尽力吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=231, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-02 fatalmelanie

    难呀

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803680, encodeId=6b11180368043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c83e563067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立项依据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75630, encryptionId=2c83e563067, topicName=立项依据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42397, encodeId=68a04239e28, content=太好了,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58701660184, createdName=docterdw123, createdTime=Tue Nov 03 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42355, encodeId=93fb4235581, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=155, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151019/IMG5624E2925EB643108.jpg, createdBy=ddfd1657548, createdName=玥月, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 18:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42330, encodeId=72be42330ee, content=难呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=182, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42331, encodeId=79804233149, content=想想科研,五味杂陈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42332, encodeId=f4fd423329b, content=尽力吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=231, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2be01625436, createdName=fatalmelanie, createdTime=Mon Nov 02 16:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-02 fatalmelanie

    想想科研,五味杂陈

    0

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    2015-11-02 fatalmelanie

    尽力吧

    0

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