Baidu
map

四表在手,天下我有!教你轻松搞定外科会诊

2018-01-26 英硕 医学界心血管频道

随着人口老龄化进程加速,住院患者岁数越来越大,高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病,心脏病是肯定少不了的,当外科患者请心内科会诊时,我们总是一脸茫然,此类患者该如何抗栓呢?

随着人口老龄化进程加速,住院患者岁数越来越大,高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病,心脏病是肯定少不了的,当外科患者请心内科会诊时,我们总是一脸茫然,此类患者该如何抗栓呢?

不用怕,今天和大家共同学习四张表格,轻松搞定外科会诊。先从一个案例说起。

病例简介

患者老年男性,70岁,主因“间断心前区疼痛1月”入院。

患者入院前1月慢走500米后出现心前区疼痛伴出汗及咽部紧缩感,休息约5-10分钟症状好转,后症状间断出现,多于活动后出现,未规律诊治,近2周来患者自觉上述症状较前加重,慢走约200米即可出现心前区疼痛伴出汗及咽部紧缩感。

至我院就诊查心电图示:窦性心律 V1-V3导联ST段压低0.1 mv,心肌酶未见异常。以“冠心病”收入院。既往高血压病史10年,1周前因摔倒致左侧腓骨骨折,至外院行石膏固定,有吸烟史。初步诊断:冠心病、恶化劳力型、心绞痛、高血压、腓骨骨折。

这是一名典型的心绞痛患者,而且是不稳定性心绞痛患者。首先,我们需要明确此类患者抗栓治疗方案。

1.下面,请上第一张表!

患者目前缺血风险高,需要我们进一步评价该患者出血风险,目前指南推荐CRUSADE出血风险评估量表(见表1)。


表1 CRUSADE出血风险评估量表

注:*既往血管疾病是指外周动脉疾病史或卒中史。肌酐清除率按Cockcroft-Gault公式推算。(红色字体为该患者情况。)

该患者CRUSADE出血风险评分为19分,出血风险等级为极低危,出血概率为3.1%。

所以,该患者应予双联抗血小板治疗。如暂行保守治疗,予阿司匹林300 mg+氯吡格雷300 mg负荷量,如行PCI治疗,予阿司匹林300 mg+600 mg或替格瑞洛180 mg负荷量,然后予维持量阿司匹林100 mg Qd+氯吡格雷75 mg Qd/替格瑞洛90 mg Bid。

如果患者仅存在冠心病,那抗栓治疗就到此为止了,但该患者存在骨折,需长期制动,有静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)风险。

2.于是乎第二张表前来报到!

我们可使用指南推荐的Caprini模型(表2)


表2 Caprini VTE危险因素评估

注:红色字体为该患者情况



该患者Caprini VTE危险因素评分为12分,属于VTE高危,需要使用抗凝治疗。既然使用抗凝药物,就要评估其出血风险。

3.麻溜呈上第三张表!

下面需要引入另一个评分系统——HAS-BLED出血评分系统(表3)。


表3 HAS-BLED出血评分系统

注:红色字体为该患者情况

该患者HAS-BLED评分3分,为高出血风险。但该患者VTE风险显着高于出血风险,应加用抗凝药物,但需密切关注出血情况。

推荐使用维生素K拮抗剂,目前无新型口服抗凝剂(达比加群酯、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、依度沙班)用于外科患者的证据。华法林起始2.0~3.0 mg/d,每周监测1~2次,连续3次INR均在2.0~3.0后,每月复查1~2次,华法林剂量根据INR调整。

当然,有些患者可能不是冠心病,而是房颤

4.那么,再免费赠送第四张表吧!


表4 CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统

这个病例虽看似简单,但其中包含了多种指南推荐的评分系统,因此在临床工作中我们需结合患者病情,多练习使用各种评分系统,以降低临床并发症风险,让我们轻松玩转外科会诊。

原始出处:

1.中华医学会心血管病学分会. 抗血小板治疗中国专家共识. 中华心血管病杂志, 2013, 41(3):183-194.

2.中华医学会外科学分会. 中国普通外科围手术期血栓预防与管理指南. 中华外科杂志. 2016, 54(5): 321-327.

3.朱铁楠. 围手术期出血风险评估及处理. 中国实用内科杂志. 2017, 37(2): 108-112.

4.Chiang CE, Okumura K, Zhang S, et al. 2017 consensus of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythm. 2017, 33(4):345-367.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289901, encodeId=584128990114, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 22 09:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706699, encodeId=b3f41e066997b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7fd2582e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#会诊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25827, encryptionId=c7fd2582e4b, topicName=会诊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39df31305194, createdName=1249859em48(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Feb 28 03:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282811, encodeId=82502828114b, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 08:33:16 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282766, encodeId=bf94282e66d5, content=外科会诊表的运用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 07:03:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282363, encodeId=6acb2823636b, content=随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:31:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289901, encodeId=584128990114, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 22 09:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706699, encodeId=b3f41e066997b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7fd2582e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#会诊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25827, encryptionId=c7fd2582e4b, topicName=会诊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39df31305194, createdName=1249859em48(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Feb 28 03:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282811, encodeId=82502828114b, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 08:33:16 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282766, encodeId=bf94282e66d5, content=外科会诊表的运用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 07:03:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282363, encodeId=6acb2823636b, content=随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:31:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289901, encodeId=584128990114, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 22 09:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706699, encodeId=b3f41e066997b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7fd2582e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#会诊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25827, encryptionId=c7fd2582e4b, topicName=会诊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39df31305194, createdName=1249859em48(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Feb 28 03:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282811, encodeId=82502828114b, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 08:33:16 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282766, encodeId=bf94282e66d5, content=外科会诊表的运用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 07:03:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282363, encodeId=6acb2823636b, content=随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:31:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-28 swfzhanggui

    非常好.谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289901, encodeId=584128990114, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 22 09:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706699, encodeId=b3f41e066997b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7fd2582e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#会诊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25827, encryptionId=c7fd2582e4b, topicName=会诊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39df31305194, createdName=1249859em48(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Feb 28 03:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282811, encodeId=82502828114b, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 08:33:16 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282766, encodeId=bf94282e66d5, content=外科会诊表的运用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 07:03:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282363, encodeId=6acb2823636b, content=随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:31:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-28 jyzxjiangqin

    外科会诊表的运用.

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289901, encodeId=584128990114, content=学习学习.了解了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 22 09:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706699, encodeId=b3f41e066997b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7fd2582e4b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#会诊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25827, encryptionId=c7fd2582e4b, topicName=会诊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39df31305194, createdName=1249859em48(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Feb 28 03:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282811, encodeId=82502828114b, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 08:33:16 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282766, encodeId=bf94282e66d5, content=外科会诊表的运用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Jan 28 07:03:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282363, encodeId=6acb2823636b, content=随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:31:42 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-26 有备才能无患

    随着人口老龄化进程加速.住院患者岁数越来越大.高龄老人通常会合并多种疾病.心脏病是肯定少不了的.当外科患者请心内科会诊时.我们总是一脸茫然.此类患者该如何抗栓呢?

    0

相关资讯

肿瘤合并心脏病的多角度整合防治策略

当今世界,医疗科技的飞速发展使得恶性肿瘤不再是不治之症,越来越多的肿瘤患者在经过合理治疗后长期生存,很多类型的肿瘤以一种慢性病的形式长期存在。基于此,大量肿瘤幸存者死于非肿瘤原因,其中以心血管疾病尤为常见。另一方面,随着新技术、新疗法的爆发式涌现,现代医学也渐进式地呈现出了专科化、专业化发展的划分格局。

N Engl J Med:研究揭秘流感与心脏病发作的密切关系!

根据临床评估科学研究所(ICES)和安大略省公共卫生研究所(PHO)的研究人员最新研究,在发现实验室确诊的流感感染后的头7天,心脏病发作的几率会增加6倍。

英国:男女医疗不平等 女性死于心脏病危险大于男性

心脏病是健康的头号杀手。然而一旦女性不幸心脏病发作,她所得到的医护及后续治疗可能远远不如男性。

Nat Med:研究揭示高血压,心脏病的罪魁祸首,开启治疗新方案

一般认为心脏在运动中受到压力是健康的。然而,高血压造成的负荷对心脏有害。为什么?情况总是这样吗?德国心血管研究中心和海德堡大学医院的研究人员最新一个发现了未被发现的信号通路会与心脏衰竭的发生与保护有关。

患者多症于一身 看医生如何精准“拿捏”!

患者,女性,60岁。因“咳嗽、咳痰10年,气促2年,水肿半月,加重3天”于2011年4月7日入急诊病房。10年前间断出现咳嗽、咳痰,间歇给予静脉用药,每月1~3次。5年前再发,伴咯血,于笔者医院呼吸科住院治疗,诊断为支气管扩张,出院后长期口服大环内酯类抗生素,咳嗽、咳痰好转。2年前活动后气促,上至2楼时即气促,休息后减轻。高枕卧位,半月前双下肢水肿,气促明显,治疗后好转。3天前患者症状再发加重,伴

病例:拉肚子也会引发心脏病?

正在上夜班,突然听到了救护车的声音,随后看到被推进来的是一个军人,25岁,因持续腹泻2天后突然晕厥,心肺复苏后被紧急送入院。

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map