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Cell:会不会感染轮状病毒原来是由肠道细菌决定的?

2019-10-19 不详 生物探索

轮状病毒是一种具有高度传染性的病毒,可引起严重的腹泻、呕吐、发烧、腹痛和死亡。轮状病毒感染是由于直接与感染者接触或接触其粪便而发生的。婴儿和幼儿最容易感染这种疾病,这种疾病可能导致严重的脱水甚至死亡。根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据,全世界每年因感染轮状病毒而死亡的5岁以下儿童约为21.5万人。

轮状病毒是一种具有高度传染性的病毒,可引起严重的腹泻、呕吐、发烧、腹痛和死亡。轮状病毒感染是由于直接与感染者接触或接触其粪便而发生的。婴儿和幼儿最容易感染这种疾病,这种疾病可能导致严重的脱水甚至死亡。根据疾病控制和预防中心的数据,全世界每年因感染轮状病毒而死亡的5岁以下儿童约为21.5万人。

轮状病毒的易感性在科学界尚未得到很好的诠释。并且由于存在较大的个体和地区差异,轮状病毒在发达国家引起疾病相对较轻,但每年在撒哈拉以南的非洲以及印度贫困地区却会杀死数千名儿童


DOI:https : //doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.028

近日发表在Cell杂志的一项研究表明:分段的丝状细菌(SFB)足以保护小鼠免受轮状病毒感染和相关的腹泻,或可解释为什么轮状病毒在某些人中导致严重的威胁生命的疾病。而在另一些人中仅引起轻度疾病,并提示针对轮状病毒感染的新的预防及治疗措施。


Andrew Gewirtz博士
图片来源:乔治亚州立大学

该研究的资深作者,乔治亚州立大学生物医学科学研究所教授安德鲁?格维兹(Andrew Gewirtz)博士说:“这一发现是偶然的。我们正在对小鼠进行育种,并意识到其中一些对轮状病毒完全耐受,而另一些则高度易感。我们调查了原因,发现该耐药小鼠携带不同的微生物群。粪便微生物群移植将轮状病毒的耐受性转移到了新宿主上。”

进一步的研究表明,对轮状病毒抗性的主要决定因素是单个细菌的存在,该细菌称为“丝状段状细菌”(SFB)。佐治亚州立大学的研究人员发现,SFB通过引起上皮细胞脱落并被未感染的新细胞替代,从而降低轮状病毒的感染性并预防轮状病毒。Gewirtz说:“这是一个新的基本发现,将有助于了解轮状病毒感染机制。尽管它不能立即为人类带来治疗,但是提供了一种潜在的机制来解释不同人群对肠道病毒感染的敏感性。此外,它可能会带来预防和治疗病毒感染的新策略。”

原始出处:

Zheda Shi, Jun Zou, Zhan Zhang,et.al. Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Prevent and Cure Rotavirus Infection. Cell  VOLUME 179, ISSUE 3, P644-658.E13, OCTOBER 17, 2019

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    2022-05-28 denglimoxiaoran

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